Table 1. The VRIO framework by Barney... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

The VRIO framework by Barney (2014, p. 140)

Valuable?	Rare?	Costly to imitate?	Exploited by organisation?	Competitive implications
No	–	–	No	Competitive disadvantage
Yes	No	–	–	Competitive parity
Yes	Yes	No	–	Temporary competitive advantage
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Sustained competitive advantage

Valuable?	Rare?	Costly to imitate?	Exploited by organisation?	Competitive implications
No	–	–	No	Competitive disadvantage
Yes	No	–	–	Competitive parity
Yes	Yes	No	–	Temporary competitive advantage
Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Sustained competitive advantage