Table A2

Social presence scale

Completely agreeAgreeNot sureDisagreeCompletely disagree
Factor 1 co-presence
1. I think that other students are aware of my presence     
2. I feel like I am studying with other students     
3. I am interested in what other students are doing     
4. I think other students are interested in what I am doing     
5. The level of mutual interest seems high     
Factor 2 influence
6. I think I can convey my ideas clearly to other students     
7. Other students understand me well     
8. I think I can understand well what other students think     
9. We accept each other’s ideas well     
10. Other students’ ideas affect what I think     
11. We help each other solve difficult problems     
12. We help each other     
Factor 3 cohesiveness
13. It is pleasant to exchange ideas with other students     
14. I get quick responses from other students     
15. I feel comfortable communicating with other students     
16. My ideas help us proceed with group work     
17. All the team members contribute to group work     
18. I feel close to other students     
19. I feel like I am part of a team     

Source(s): Olpak and Kılıç Çakmak (2009) 

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