Table A1 Summary of previous literature...

Table A1

Summary of previous literature reviews on digital internationalization

Author (Year)	Type	No. of papers	Period	Focus	Firm type	Main research questions addressed by previous literature reviews
Bergamaschi et al. (2021)	Bibliometric	68	1996–2019	Interplay between digitalization and internationalization (IDI)	All	“What is the structure of the IDI domain? How did the related research develop over time? What emerges that is of interest to practitioners and scholars studying this evolution? What are the future patterns of the research?” (p. 985)
Dethine et al. (2020)	Bibliometric	21	2005–2020	Digital internationalization and SME export capabilities and resources	SMEs	“How can digitalization potentially impact SMEs’ international practices?” (p. 21)
Feliciano-Cestero et al. (2023)	Bibliometric	123	2002–2022	Digital transformation at the individual, firm, and macro levels and its impact on firms’ internationalization	All	“What are the theories, theoretical constructs, methodologies, and contexts of interest examined by prior researchers in digital transformation and its effects on firms’ internationalization process? What is the impact of digital transformation on firms’ internationalization process? What factors affect or threaten digital transformation in firms and, consequently, the level of firm internationalization?” (p. 2)
Katsikeas et al. (2019)	Conceptual	n.a	1996–2019	Digitalization and international marketing strategies	All	What are “the opportunities and challenges faced by firms in this new digital era as regards their international marketing strategy”? How “international marketing practices can be revisited given these developments?” (p. 406)
Li et al. (2022)	Bibliometric	151	2007–2020	Impact of digitalization on MNEs	MNEs	“In what aspects does digitalization challenge the traditional theory of MNEs? How does digitalization affect EMNEs? How do its effects differ from those it has on developed market multinational enterprises (DMNEs)?” (p. 2)
Ojala et al. (2022)	Systematic	41	2003–2022	Digitalization and internationalization	All	“What are the main themes connecting digitalization, digital services, and IB? What is the role of digital services in companies’ international operations? How can the phenomenon be studied in the future to better understand the interactions between digital services and internationalisation?” (p. 8)
Vadana et al. (2020)	Conceptual	35	2000–2019	Value-chain digitalization and internationalization	All	“How are digitalized/-ing companies defined in the IE and IM literature? How can these companies' DOD [degree of digitalization] and DOI [degree of internationalization] be measured? What are the consequences of the interaction between digitalization and internationalization?” (p. 471)
Watson et al. (2018)	Conceptual	94*	1995–2016	Relational, digital, and hybrid approaches to international market entry	All	What was “the evolution of international market entry research” (p. 30) from the perspective of international relationship marketing and digitalization? How do digital technologies influence international buyer-seller relationships?

Author (Year)	Type	No. of papers	Period	Focus	Firm type	Main research questions addressed by previous literature reviews
Bergamaschi et al. (2021)	Bibliometric	68	1996–2019	Interplay between digitalization and internationalization (IDI)	All	“What is the structure of the IDI domain? How did the related research develop over time? What emerges that is of interest to practitioners and scholars studying this evolution? What are the future patterns of the research?” (p. 985)
Dethine et al. (2020)	Bibliometric	21	2005–2020	Digital internationalization and SME export capabilities and resources	SMEs	“How can digitalization potentially impact SMEs’ international practices?” (p. 21)
Feliciano-Cestero et al. (2023)	Bibliometric	123	2002–2022	Digital transformation at the individual, firm, and macro levels and its impact on firms’ internationalization	All	“What are the theories, theoretical constructs, methodologies, and contexts of interest examined by prior researchers in digital transformation and its effects on firms’ internationalization process? What is the impact of digital transformation on firms’ internationalization process? What factors affect or threaten digital transformation in firms and, consequently, the level of firm internationalization?” (p. 2)
Katsikeas et al. (2019)	Conceptual	n.a	1996–2019	Digitalization and international marketing strategies	All	What are “the opportunities and challenges faced by firms in this new digital era as regards their international marketing strategy”? How “international marketing practices can be revisited given these developments?” (p. 406)
Li et al. (2022)	Bibliometric	151	2007–2020	Impact of digitalization on MNEs	MNEs	“In what aspects does digitalization challenge the traditional theory of MNEs? How does digitalization affect EMNEs? How do its effects differ from those it has on developed market multinational enterprises (DMNEs)?” (p. 2)
Ojala et al. (2022)	Systematic	41	2003–2022	Digitalization and internationalization	All	“What are the main themes connecting digitalization, digital services, and IB? What is the role of digital services in companies’ international operations? How can the phenomenon be studied in the future to better understand the interactions between digital services and internationalisation?” (p. 8)
Vadana et al. (2020)	Conceptual	35	2000–2019	Value-chain digitalization and internationalization	All	“How are digitalized/-ing companies defined in the IE and IM literature? How can these companies' DOD [degree of digitalization] and DOI [degree of internationalization] be measured? What are the consequences of the interaction between digitalization and internationalization?” (p. 471)
Watson et al. (2018)	Conceptual	94*	1995–2016	Relational, digital, and hybrid approaches to international market entry	All	What was “the evolution of international market entry research” (p. 30) from the perspective of international relationship marketing and digitalization? How do digital technologies influence international buyer-seller relationships?

Note(s): * Because the authors have examined international market entry articles covering digital and non-digital aspects, we refer only to the articles on digital strategies

Source(s): Created by authors

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