Table 1

Measurement model results

ConstructSample size
(N = 318)
LoadingCR
Perceived VA empathy 0.93
1. VA technology understands my feelings about my situation0.88 
2. VA technology is on the same wavelength as me0.89 
3. VA technology seems to understand what I need0.81 
4. VA technology always understands my needs0.88 
Attitude toward VAs 0.86
1. Unpleasant ------- Pleasant0.76 
2. Bad ------- Good0.87 
3. Unfavorable ------- Favorable0.82 
Adoption of VAs 0.69
1. How many VA technologies do you own?0.61 
2. How long have you been using VA technology?0.83 
VA usage intensity 0.84
1. How frequently do you use VA technology?0.83 
2. How many times a day do you use VA technology?0.72 
3. How often do you use VA technology?0.85 
Perceived risk in using VAs 0.91
1. I feel like I am taking a risk by using VA technologies0.77 
2. I am cautious about using VA technologies0.87 
3. I would rather be safe than sorry in using VA technologies0.81 
4. I am not a risk taker when using VA technologies0.83 
5. I will not take chances in using VA technologies0.83 

Notes:

All factor loadings are significant at p < 0.05; CR = composite reliability

Source: Authors’ own work
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