Table 5

Direct, indirect and total effect from the Manski model

IV ROTIV HP
dy/dxzdy/dxz
Direct0.67013.980.20870.73
Indirect−0.1181−2.71−0.06590.61
Total0.55203.910.14270.47

Note(s): Estimates the average impact of the direct, indirect, and total impacts of independent variables IV ROT and IV HP on the reduced-form mean of the dependent variable (ROT and HP), Delta method is used. Command: estat impact

Source(s): Secondary data from Statistics Sweden and calculations by the authors

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