Discriminant validity analysis*
| Spatial presence | Social presence | Flow | Utilitarian value | Hedonic value | Cognitive engagement | Affective engagement | Behavioural engagement | Social norms | Stickiness | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spatial presence | 0.877 | 0.641 | 0.513 | 0.342 | 0.370 | 0.264 | 0.409 | 0.414 | 0.367 | 0.329 |
| Social presence | 0.588 | 0.909 | 0.597 | 0.465 | 0.509 | 0.443 | 0.473 | 0.490 | 0.448 | 0.443 |
| Flow | 0.474 | 0.537 | 0.917 | 0.616 | 0.643 | 0.565 | 0.591 | 0.583 | 0.540 | 0.552 |
| Utilitarian value | 0.321 | 0.425 | 0.565 | 0.792 | 0.820 | 0.768 | 0.704 | 0.682 | 0.671 | 0.712 |
| Hedonic value | 0.332 | 0.449 | 0.572 | 0.742 | 0.858 | 0.809 | 0.763 | 0.729 | 0.689 | 0.738 |
| Cognitive engagement | 0.249 | 0.407 | 0.522 | 0.719 | 0.738 | 0.899 | 0.645 | 0.604 | 0.619 | 0.728 |
| Affective engagement | 0.385 | 0.433 | 0.546 | 0.658 | 0.692 | 0.608 | 0.921 | 0.801 | 0.692 | 0.805 |
| Behavioural engagement | 0.386 | 0.447 | 0.534 | 0.633 | 0.656 | 0.565 | 0.848 | 0.857 | 0.685 | 0.806 |
| Social norms | 0.344 | 0.410 | 0.497 | 0.625 | 0.625 | 0.582 | 0.649 | 0.638 | 0.917 | 0.680 |
| Stickiness | 0.294 | 0.384 | 0.480 | 0.626 | 0.634 | 0.640 | 0.716 | 0.712 | 0.605 | 0.860 |
| Spatial presence | Social presence | Flow | Utilitarian value | Hedonic value | Cognitive engagement | Affective engagement | Behavioural engagement | Social norms | Stickiness | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spatial presence | ||||||||||
| Social presence | 0.588 | |||||||||
| Flow | 0.474 | 0.537 | ||||||||
| Utilitarian value | 0.321 | 0.425 | 0.565 | |||||||
| Hedonic value | 0.332 | 0.449 | 0.572 | 0.742 | ||||||
| Cognitive engagement | 0.249 | 0.407 | 0.522 | 0.719 | 0.738 | |||||
| Affective engagement | 0.385 | 0.433 | 0.546 | 0.658 | 0.692 | 0.608 | ||||
| Behavioural engagement | 0.386 | 0.447 | 0.534 | 0.633 | 0.656 | 0.565 | 0.848 | |||
| Social norms | 0.344 | 0.410 | 0.497 | 0.625 | 0.625 | 0.582 | 0.649 | 0.638 | ||
| Stickiness | 0.294 | 0.384 | 0.480 | 0.626 | 0.634 | 0.640 | 0.716 | 0.712 | 0.605 |
Note(s): *In italic underlined, HTMT values; in italics, square root of the AVEs; below the matrix diagonal, correlations between the dimensions
Source(s): Table by authors
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