Table 2.

Example of the verbatim red flags from the journal articles

Mohammed (2021, p. 928)Williams (2017, pp. 100–101)Kramer and Buckhoff (2012, p. 49)
“high investment returns”“guaranteed return”“a promise of unreasonably high returns”
“little or no risk”“promise of above market returns”“overly consistent positive returns”
Source: Author’s synthesis

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