Table 1 Descriptive statistics for the...

Table 1

Descriptive statistics for the major variables

Variables	HQS pre-pandemic					Variables	HQS during the pandemic
Variables	Valid N	Mean	Min	Max	Std. Dev.	Variables	Valid N	Mean	Min	Max	Std. dev.
Results in HRM	200	3.980	3.0	5.0	0.375	Results in HRM	200	3.920	3.0	5.0	0.366
Results in finance	200	4.030	3.0	5.0	0.316	Results in finance	200	3.915	3.0	5.0	0.358
Results in innovativeness	200	3.765	2.0	5.0	0.567	Results in innovativeness	200	3.820	2.0	5.0	0.538
Results in quality	200	3.850	3.0	5.0	0.599	Results in quality	200	3.770	2.0	5.0	0.582
Employee performance in KPIs	200	2.995	2.0	4.0	0.486	Employee performance in KPIs	200	3.235	2.0	4.0	0.530
Advancement level of SEWE&JS	200	3.300	2.0	5.0	0.610	Advancement level of SEWE&JS	200	3.075	2.0	5.0	0.679
Significance level of SEWE&JS	200	3.265	2.0	4.0	0.661	Significance level of SEWE&JS	200	3.205	2.0	5.0	0.772

Variables	HQS pre-pandemic					Variables	HQS during the pandemic
Variables	Valid N	Mean	Min	Max	Std. Dev.	Variables	Valid N	Mean	Min	Max	Std. dev.
Results in HRM	200	3.980	3.0	5.0	0.375	Results in HRM	200	3.920	3.0	5.0	0.366
Results in finance	200	4.030	3.0	5.0	0.316	Results in finance	200	3.915	3.0	5.0	0.358
Results in innovativeness	200	3.765	2.0	5.0	0.567	Results in innovativeness	200	3.820	2.0	5.0	0.538
Results in quality	200	3.850	3.0	5.0	0.599	Results in quality	200	3.770	2.0	5.0	0.582
Employee performance in KPIs	200	2.995	2.0	4.0	0.486	Employee performance in KPIs	200	3.235	2.0	4.0	0.530
Advancement level of SEWE&JS	200	3.300	2.0	5.0	0.610	Advancement level of SEWE&JS	200	3.075	2.0	5.0	0.679
Significance level of SEWE&JS	200	3.265	2.0	4.0	0.661	Significance level of SEWE&JS	200	3.205	2.0	5.0	0.772

Variables	Foreign subsidiaries pre-pandemic					Variables	Foreign subsidiaries during the pandemic
Variables	Valid N	Mean	Min	Max	Std. Dev.	Variables	Valid N	Mean	Min	Max	Std. dev.
Results in HRM	200	3.975	3.0	5.0	0.308	Results in HRM	200	3.915	3.0	5.0	0.344
Results in finance	200	3.985	3.0	5.0	0.235	Results in finance	200	3.930	3.0	5.0	0.368
Results in innovativeness	200	3.810	2.0	5.0	0.562	Results in innovativeness	200	3.900	3.0	5.0	0.501
Results in quality	200	3.805	2.0	5.0	0.573	Results in quality	200	3.765	3.0	5.0	0.540
Employee performance in KPIs	200	3.045	2.0	4.0	0.392	Employee performance in KPIs	200	3.185	2.0	4.0	0.512
Advancement level of SEWE&JS	200	3.180	1.0	4.0	0.656	Advancement level of SEWE&JS	200	2.995	2.0	5.0	0.589
Significance level of SEWE&JS	200	3.115	2.0	5.0	0.659	Significance level of SEWE&JS	200	3.085	2.0	5.0	0.819

Variables	Foreign subsidiaries pre-pandemic					Variables	Foreign subsidiaries during the pandemic
Variables	Valid N	Mean	Min	Max	Std. Dev.	Variables	Valid N	Mean	Min	Max	Std. dev.
Results in HRM	200	3.975	3.0	5.0	0.308	Results in HRM	200	3.915	3.0	5.0	0.344
Results in finance	200	3.985	3.0	5.0	0.235	Results in finance	200	3.930	3.0	5.0	0.368
Results in innovativeness	200	3.810	2.0	5.0	0.562	Results in innovativeness	200	3.900	3.0	5.0	0.501
Results in quality	200	3.805	2.0	5.0	0.573	Results in quality	200	3.765	3.0	5.0	0.540
Employee performance in KPIs	200	3.045	2.0	4.0	0.392	Employee performance in KPIs	200	3.185	2.0	4.0	0.512
Advancement level of SEWE&JS	200	3.180	1.0	4.0	0.656	Advancement level of SEWE&JS	200	2.995	2.0	5.0	0.589
Significance level of SEWE&JS	200	3.115	2.0	5.0	0.659	Significance level of SEWE&JS	200	3.085	2.0	5.0	0.819

Note(s): Scales

⁃ Company performance results in HRM, finance, innovativeness and quality → benchmarked to the companies of similar business profiles: 1 – poor, 2 – below average, 3 – similar to others, 4 – above average, 5 – very good

⁃ Employee performance in KPIs: 1 – significantly below standards, 2 – rather below standards, 3 – exactly with the standards, 4 – rather higher than standards, 5 – significantly higher than standards

⁃ Advancement level of SEWE&JS → benchmarked to the best market practices: 1 – significantly lower, 2 – lower, 3 – similar to others, 4 – higher, 5 – significantly higher

⁃ Significance level of SEWE&JS to the company’s performance results: 1 - not important, 2 – slightly important, 3 – important, 4 – very important, 5 – of critical significance

Source(s): Own empirical research

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