Table 1

ICE model

LevelDescription
IdeasFocus on basic concepts, vocabulary and fundamental facts within context. Gathering information from the learning environment
ConnectionsAnalyzing gathered information (details, facts, definitions, concepts) to find patterns and relationships, linking new knowledge with existing knowledge
ExtensionsCreative application of new knowledge in innovative ways. Involves internal reflection and extrapolating learning to new contexts

Source(s): Table created by authors adapted from Diao (2021). Copyright 2021 by Elsevier

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