Table 5

SEM for the challenges in retrofit projects in Zimbabwe

FactorsItemsEstimatep-valueAVECR
Unavailability of raw materials to achieve EERaw Materials support can improve energy efficiency0.845 0.6820.896
Limited use of existing procedures on the internet of things (IoT)0.689***
Energy retrofit of buildings reduce water and energy consumption0.587***
Underutilisation of appropriate business models0.689***
Outdated building by-lawsBuilding by-laws are a barrier to EE1.118***0.8950.945
Building performance standards and regulations are barriers to EE0.728 
The lack of finance to invest in EELack of research0.916***0.8100.895
Limited funding reduces energy efficiency (EE)0.864 

Note(s): Key *** means it is significant at 0.05% significance level

Source(s): Authors’ work

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