Coding themes
| Themes | Sub-themes | Codes | Quotes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Disaster Impact | Economic | Economic downturn | The global impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, evident in Kuta-Bali’s extended restaurant closures and economic challenges exacerbated by past bombings, reflects a broader struggle with prolonged restrictions and setbacks in the tourism sector |
| Decrease in income | The sustained economic challenges of the pandemic and the aftermath of past incidents have resulted in decreased income for seasoned figures in the tourism industry like myself, exacerbated by the absence of local and international tourists | ||
| Termination of the employment relationship | The interconnected economic challenges faced by individuals, particularly in the performing arts sector, during the pandemic. Layoffs, financial constraints, and significant price drops, such as the reduced value of essential goods like fried rice, exemplify the widespread economic losses experienced by many | ||
| Business bankruptcy | The pandemic severely impacted Kuta’s economy, leading to hotel closures due to heavy reliance on tourism. It also underscored personal struggles, such as selling assets for basic needs, reflecting broader economic challenges in the community | ||
| Socio-cultural and political | Changes in people’s behaviour | Amid the pandemic, religious activities transformed with discreet events and emerging creativity due to boredom. The lively atmosphere of the past has shifted, and there is a trend of avoiding late-night outings due to concerns about darkness by 8 o’clock | |
| Threats to local cultural practices | Cultural events, halted for two years during the pandemic, are slowly resuming at hotels with reduced intensity and talent absorption. A government circular in March 2020 during ‘Nyepi’ restricted traditional ceremonies, prompting contemplation on the imposed distance, even in matters related to God | ||
| Social tension | In the wake of prolonged isolation from customs and art, people rebel against rules out of boredom, contributing to increased crime incidents, including pickpocketing. The pandemic also brings about social tensions, with debates and conflicts within indigenous communities escalating to involve law enforcement | ||
| Change in the political system | The regulatory landscape for artistic activities is dynamic, marked by numerous prohibitions during the pandemic, although there are signs of easing restrictions | ||
| Environment and regional planning | Environmental quality | The pandemic has left facilities like the swimming pool neglected due to financial constraints. The aftermath of the Bali bomb explosion caused significant damage to homes, and many bungalow rooms and homestays required repairs | |
| Environmental arrangement | During the pandemic, it feels difficult to organise the village environment so that it is as clean and as good as before the pandemic | ||
| Community Interpretation towards Disaster | Socio-cultural and religiosity | Disaster as a blessing | Kuta, once a bustling tourism hub, now needs to address economic challenges. Inspired by “blessings in disguise,” akin to Japan’s creative response to snow, the community sees challenges like waste on Kuta Beach as opportunities for transformation, aiming to repurpose organic waste into crafts and installations |
| Disaster as an adversity | People of Kuta and Bali have faced profound challenges from events like the Bali Bombings in 2002 and 2005, along with the unprecedented difficulties brought by the Covid-19 Pandemic. Adapting to the pandemic’s effects is seen as an inherent aspect of life, requiring navigation through highs and challenges | ||
| Encouraging feelings of love | Embracing mutual respect and shared activities amid past tragedies and the ongoing pandemic is essential. Maintaining a divine connection and cultivating gratitude serve as reminders in these challenging times | ||
| Community Resilience Responding to Disasters | Economic | Survive in the tourism industry | A former hotel now offers budget boarding, restaurants shifted to local tastes, and Kuta, with its unique features, holds untapped tourism potential. To revive the area, shophouse owners are encouraged to open for even a few tourists |
| Strive to diversify jobs | Foreign residents in Kuta returned to villages; some tried culinary ventures without success, and one person returned to farming in South Denpasar. Another individual explored various businesses, including incense-making, but faced challenges due to low purchasing power in the community | ||
| Financial access | The individual encountered economic challenges during the pandemic. They sold their vehicle for capital and savings in a local credit institution, which was crucial for a year, and faced difficulties as the institution neared bankruptcy, complicating withdrawals | ||
| Public facilities access | Fortunately, there is continued access to hospitals, markets, and children’s schools during the pandemic, with various methods ensuring their operational continuity | ||
| Training and education access | The provincial government has introduced virtual art events in response to the pandemic, offering artists technological adaptation training. Key programs like Kuta Karnival and BEDO involve collaborations with external businesses in Kuta, emphasising education on product exportation and distribution | ||
| Socio-cultural | Performing arts and customs | In the tourism recovery, a commitment is made to give artists more space, aligning with ethical considerations. Emphasising the impact of cultural events like the Kuta Carnival and the contributions of maestro Lotring, leveraging foundational cultural arts is seen as crucial for reviving tourism | |
| Communication and collaboration | Established six months after the Bali bombings, the Kuta Small Business Association, encompassing hotels, restaurants, garment shops, and the surf industry, collaborates to revitalise Bali through communication and support. The association draws inspiration from the swift post-Bali bombings recovery driven by global sympathy. The community encourages active participation in tourism recovery, irrespective of local ID cards, reminiscent of the post-Bali bombings period | ||
| Strength-based on local wisdom and religious rituals | The Kuta cultural-arts community plans a revival through the Kuta Art Festival, fostering local cooperation (menyama braya). Adhering to the Fisherman’s Philosophy, Kuta’s coastal residents stay engaged, treating the pandemic with collective spiritual activities and rituals, including the Nangluk Merana ceremony, symbolising unity and resilience | ||
| Governance dimensions | Regulation and economic recovery planning | The community proposes recovery ideas to key officials for Bali’s revival after the bombings. Collaborating with Kuta Traditional Village, activities like the Kuta Carnival prove successful when media management, as seen in post-Bali bombings, plays a vital role. However, the government’s recovery program lacks clarity and direct involvement for small economic actors | |
| Mitigate the health and environmental impacts | Foreigners, workers, and tourists are expected to have skills and provide a deposit, with workplaces accountable under awig-awig rules, emphasising responsibility for culture and the environment. Ongoing government monitoring and preventive measures are crucial for addressing virus concerns and safeguarding public and tourist health |
| Themes | Sub-themes | Codes | Quotes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Disaster Impact | Economic | Economic downturn | The global impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, evident in Kuta-Bali’s extended restaurant closures and economic challenges exacerbated by past bombings, reflects a broader struggle with prolonged restrictions and setbacks in the tourism sector |
| Decrease in income | The sustained economic challenges of the pandemic and the aftermath of past incidents have resulted in decreased income for seasoned figures in the tourism industry like myself, exacerbated by the absence of local and international tourists | ||
| Termination of the employment relationship | The interconnected economic challenges faced by individuals, particularly in the performing arts sector, during the pandemic. Layoffs, financial constraints, and significant price drops, such as the reduced value of essential goods like fried rice, exemplify the widespread economic losses experienced by many | ||
| Business bankruptcy | The pandemic severely impacted Kuta’s economy, leading to hotel closures due to heavy reliance on tourism. It also underscored personal struggles, such as selling assets for basic needs, reflecting broader economic challenges in the community | ||
| Socio-cultural and political | Changes in people’s behaviour | Amid the pandemic, religious activities transformed with discreet events and emerging creativity due to boredom. The lively atmosphere of the past has shifted, and there is a trend of avoiding late-night outings due to concerns about darkness by 8 o’clock | |
| Threats to local cultural practices | Cultural events, halted for two years during the pandemic, are slowly resuming at hotels with reduced intensity and talent absorption. A government circular in March 2020 during ‘Nyepi’ restricted traditional ceremonies, prompting contemplation on the imposed distance, even in matters related to God | ||
| Social tension | In the wake of prolonged isolation from customs and art, people rebel against rules out of boredom, contributing to increased crime incidents, including pickpocketing. The pandemic also brings about social tensions, with debates and conflicts within indigenous communities escalating to involve law enforcement | ||
| Change in the political system | The regulatory landscape for artistic activities is dynamic, marked by numerous prohibitions during the pandemic, although there are signs of easing restrictions | ||
| Environment and regional planning | Environmental quality | The pandemic has left facilities like the swimming pool neglected due to financial constraints. The aftermath of the Bali bomb explosion caused significant damage to homes, and many bungalow rooms and homestays required repairs | |
| Environmental arrangement | During the pandemic, it feels difficult to organise the village environment so that it is as clean and as good as before the pandemic | ||
| Community Interpretation towards Disaster | Socio-cultural and religiosity | Disaster as a blessing | Kuta, once a bustling tourism hub, now needs to address economic challenges. Inspired by “blessings in disguise,” akin to Japan’s creative response to snow, the community sees challenges like waste on Kuta Beach as opportunities for transformation, aiming to repurpose organic waste into crafts and installations |
| Disaster as an adversity | People of Kuta and Bali have faced profound challenges from events like the Bali Bombings in 2002 and 2005, along with the unprecedented difficulties brought by the Covid-19 Pandemic. Adapting to the pandemic’s effects is seen as an inherent aspect of life, requiring navigation through highs and challenges | ||
| Encouraging feelings of love | Embracing mutual respect and shared activities amid past tragedies and the ongoing pandemic is essential. Maintaining a divine connection and cultivating gratitude serve as reminders in these challenging times | ||
| Community Resilience Responding to Disasters | Economic | Survive in the tourism industry | A former hotel now offers budget boarding, restaurants shifted to local tastes, and Kuta, with its unique features, holds untapped tourism potential. To revive the area, shophouse owners are encouraged to open for even a few tourists |
| Strive to diversify jobs | Foreign residents in Kuta returned to villages; some tried culinary ventures without success, and one person returned to farming in South Denpasar. Another individual explored various businesses, including incense-making, but faced challenges due to low purchasing power in the community | ||
| Financial access | The individual encountered economic challenges during the pandemic. They sold their vehicle for capital and savings in a local credit institution, which was crucial for a year, and faced difficulties as the institution neared bankruptcy, complicating withdrawals | ||
| Public facilities access | Fortunately, there is continued access to hospitals, markets, and children’s schools during the pandemic, with various methods ensuring their operational continuity | ||
| Training and education access | The provincial government has introduced virtual art events in response to the pandemic, offering artists technological adaptation training. Key programs like Kuta Karnival and BEDO involve collaborations with external businesses in Kuta, emphasising education on product exportation and distribution | ||
| Socio-cultural | Performing arts and customs | In the tourism recovery, a commitment is made to give artists more space, aligning with ethical considerations. Emphasising the impact of cultural events like the Kuta Carnival and the contributions of maestro Lotring, leveraging foundational cultural arts is seen as crucial for reviving tourism | |
| Communication and collaboration | Established six months after the Bali bombings, the Kuta Small Business Association, encompassing hotels, restaurants, garment shops, and the surf industry, collaborates to revitalise Bali through communication and support. The association draws inspiration from the swift post-Bali bombings recovery driven by global sympathy. The community encourages active participation in tourism recovery, irrespective of local ID cards, reminiscent of the post-Bali bombings period | ||
| Strength-based on local wisdom and religious rituals | The Kuta cultural-arts community plans a revival through the Kuta Art Festival, fostering local cooperation ( | ||
| Governance dimensions | Regulation and economic recovery planning | The community proposes recovery ideas to key officials for Bali’s revival after the bombings. Collaborating with Kuta Traditional Village, activities like the Kuta Carnival prove successful when media management, as seen in post-Bali bombings, plays a vital role. However, the government’s recovery program lacks clarity and direct involvement for small economic actors | |
| Mitigate the health and environmental impacts | Foreigners, workers, and tourists are expected to have skills and provide a deposit, with workplaces accountable under |
Source(s): Authors' construction
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