Descriptive statistics of the relevant variables
| Variables type | Variable | Obs | Mean | Min | Max | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variables | TEA: Total early-stage entrepreneurial activity, % 18–64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a new business | 903 | 11.5 | 1.4 | 41.5 | 7.55 |
| Self-employment rate (%) | 3,120 | 42.1 | 0.4 | 95.1 | 27.34 | |
| Core independent variable | Refugee (per 1,000 population) | 3,029 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 185.5 | 11.36 |
| Control variables | Female (% total population) | 3,112 | 50.1 | 23.3 | 54.6 | 3.19 |
| Population 20–39 (% total population) | 2,384 | 30.1 | 20.5 | 59.2 | 4.31 | |
| Population 40–59 (% total population) | 2,384 | 21.9 | 8.6 | 40.7 | 6.36 | |
| Human capital (years of formal schooling) | 3,120 | 8.0 | 1.1 | 14.2 | 3.26 | |
| Population growth (%) | 3,112 | 1.5 | −9.1 | 17.5 | 1.58 | |
| GDP per capita (US$, constant PPP) | 3,042 | 17,025.6 | 435.1 | 141,635.0 | 19,148.29 | |
| Unemployment rate (%) | 2,405 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 45.3 | 6.18 | |
| Inflation (%) | 3,090 | 34.3 | −72.7 | 65,374.1 | 1,229.25 | |
| Private credit (%) | 2,707 | 52.4 | 0.0 | 309.0 | 46.84 | |
| FDI (% GDP) | 3,052 | 5.6 | −58.3 | 449.1 | 17.62 | |
| Regulation quality | 3,093 | 49.7 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 28.42 | |
| Corruption control | 3,098 | 46.9 | 0.5 | 100.0 | 29.01 | |
| Time to contract – Time required to enforce a contract (days) | 3,080 | 648.7 | 210.0 | 1,785.0 | 311.90 |
| Variables type | Variable | Obs | Mean | Min | Max | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variables | TEA: Total early-stage entrepreneurial activity, % 18–64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a new business | 903 | 11.5 | 1.4 | 41.5 | 7.55 |
| Self-employment rate (%) | 3,120 | 42.1 | 0.4 | 95.1 | 27.34 | |
| Core independent variable | Refugee (per 1,000 population) | 3,029 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 185.5 | 11.36 |
| Control variables | Female (% total population) | 3,112 | 50.1 | 23.3 | 54.6 | 3.19 |
| Population 20–39 (% total population) | 2,384 | 30.1 | 20.5 | 59.2 | 4.31 | |
| Population 40–59 (% total population) | 2,384 | 21.9 | 8.6 | 40.7 | 6.36 | |
| Human capital (years of formal schooling) | 3,120 | 8.0 | 1.1 | 14.2 | 3.26 | |
| Population growth (%) | 3,112 | 1.5 | −9.1 | 17.5 | 1.58 | |
| GDP per capita (US$, constant PPP) | 3,042 | 17,025.6 | 435.1 | 141,635.0 | 19,148.29 | |
| Unemployment rate (%) | 2,405 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 45.3 | 6.18 | |
| Inflation (%) | 3,090 | 34.3 | −72.7 | 65,374.1 | 1,229.25 | |
| Private credit (%) | 2,707 | 52.4 | 0.0 | 309.0 | 46.84 | |
| FDI (% GDP) | 3,052 | 5.6 | −58.3 | 449.1 | 17.62 | |
| Regulation quality | 3,093 | 49.7 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 28.42 | |
| Corruption control | 3,098 | 46.9 | 0.5 | 100.0 | 29.01 | |
| Time to contract – Time required to enforce a contract (days) | 3,080 | 648.7 | 210.0 | 1,785.0 | 311.90 |