Results of multinomial logistic regression analyses to predict profile membership
| Profile 2 vs 1 | Profile 3 vs 1 | Profile 4 vs 1 | Profile 3 vs 2 | Profile 4 vs 2 | Profile 4 vs 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | p | OR | B | SE | p | OR | B | SE | p | OR | B | SE | p | OR | B | SE | p | OR | B | SE | p | OR | |
| Without control variables | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LA | −0.13 | 0.29 | 0.65 | 0.88 | −0.06 | 0.22 | 0.77 | 0.94 | −1.13 | 0.80 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.81 | 1.07 | −1.00 | 0.82 | 0.22 | 0.37 | −1.06 | 0.80 | 0.18 | 0.34 |
| PCF | −0.36 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.70 | −0.48† | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.62 | 0.73 | 1.34 | 0.59 | 2.08 | −0.12 | 0.28 | 0.68 | 0.89 | 1.09 | 1.35 | 0.42 | 2.98 | 1.21 | 1.34 | 0.37 | 3.35 |
| WI | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.47 | 1.24 | 1.08* | 0.25 | 0.00 | 2.94 | 0.42 | 1.06 | 0.69 | 1.52 | 0.86* | 0.31 | 0.01 | 2.37 | 0.20 | 1.07 | 0.85 | 1.22 | −0.66 | 1.06 | 0.54 | 0.52 |
| Interaction: LA × WI | −0.31 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.73 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.78 | 1.07 | 0.06 | 0.58 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 1.47 | 0.38 | 0.61 | 0.53 | 1.46 | −0.01 | 0.59 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Interaction: PCF × WI | −0.05 | 0.40 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 0.91 | 1.04 | −2.00* | 0.96 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.38 | 0.83 | 1.09 | −1.95* | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.14 | −2.03* | 0.94 | 0.03 | 0.13 |
| With control variables | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LA | −0.13 | 0.30 | 0.67 | 0.88 | −0.02 | 0.23 | 0.92 | 0.98 | −1.10 | 0.79 | 0.16 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.71 | 1.11 | −0.98 | 0.80 | 0.22 | 0.38 | −1.08 | 0.78 | 0.17 | 0.34 |
| PCF | −0.36 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.70 | −0.50* | 0.25 | 0.04 | 0.60 | 0.74 | 1.42 | 0.60 | 2.10 | −0.14 | 0.28 | 0.62 | 0.87 | 1.11 | 1.43 | 0.44 | 3.02 | 1.25 | 1.42 | 0.38 | 3.48 |
| WI | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.47 | 1.25 | 1.07* | 0.26 | 0.00 | 2.93 | 0.45 | 1.10 | 0.68 | 1.57 | 0.85* | 0.31 | 0.01 | 2.35 | 0.23 | 1.11 | 0.83 | 1.26 | −0.62 | 1.11 | 0.58 | 0.54 |
| Interaction: LA × WI | −0.32 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.73 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.77 | 1.08 | 0.06 | 0.57 | 0.91 | 1.07 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 1.48 | 0.38 | 0.59 | 0.52 | 1.46 | −0.01 | 0.58 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Interaction: PCF × WI | −0.06 | 0.40 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.94 | 1.03 | −1.89† | 0.99 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.38 | 0.83 | 1.09 | −1.84† | 1.00 | 0.07 | 0.16 | −1.92* | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.15 |
| CV: span of control | −0.06 | 0.29 | 0.83 | 0.94 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 1.28 | 0.09 | 0.69 | 0.89 | 1.10 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 1.36 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.83 | 1.17 | −0.15 | 0.69 | 0.83 | 0.86 |
| CV: leadership exp. | 0.03 | 0.29 | 0.93 | 1.03 | −0.34 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.71 | 0.38 | 1.06 | 0.72 | 1.47 | −0.37 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.69 | 0.36 | 1.07 | 0.74 | 1.43 | 0.73 | 1.06 | 0.49 | 2.07 |
| LA | −0.13 | 0.29 | 0.65 | 0.88 | −0.06 | 0.22 | 0.77 | 0.94 | −1.13 | 0.80 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.81 | 1.07 | −1.00 | 0.82 | 0.22 | 0.37 | −1.06 | 0.80 | 0.18 | 0.34 |
| PCF | −0.36 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.70 | 0.73 | 1.34 | 0.59 | 2.08 | −0.12 | 0.28 | 0.68 | 0.89 | 1.09 | 1.35 | 0.42 | 2.98 | 1.21 | 1.34 | 0.37 | 3.35 | ||||
| WI | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.47 | 1.24 | 0.42 | 1.06 | 0.69 | 1.52 | 0.20 | 1.07 | 0.85 | 1.22 | −0.66 | 1.06 | 0.54 | 0.52 | ||||||||
| Interaction: LA × WI | −0.31 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.73 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.78 | 1.07 | 0.06 | 0.58 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 1.47 | 0.38 | 0.61 | 0.53 | 1.46 | −0.01 | 0.59 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Interaction: PCF × WI | −0.05 | 0.40 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 0.91 | 1.04 | 0.08 | 0.38 | 0.83 | 1.09 | ||||||||||||
| LA | −0.13 | 0.30 | 0.67 | 0.88 | −0.02 | 0.23 | 0.92 | 0.98 | −1.10 | 0.79 | 0.16 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.71 | 1.11 | −0.98 | 0.80 | 0.22 | 0.38 | −1.08 | 0.78 | 0.17 | 0.34 |
| PCF | −0.36 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 1.42 | 0.60 | 2.10 | −0.14 | 0.28 | 0.62 | 0.87 | 1.11 | 1.43 | 0.44 | 3.02 | 1.25 | 1.42 | 0.38 | 3.48 | ||||
| WI | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.47 | 1.25 | 0.45 | 1.10 | 0.68 | 1.57 | 0.23 | 1.11 | 0.83 | 1.26 | −0.62 | 1.11 | 0.58 | 0.54 | ||||||||
| Interaction: LA × WI | −0.32 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.73 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.77 | 1.08 | 0.06 | 0.57 | 0.91 | 1.07 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 1.48 | 0.38 | 0.59 | 0.52 | 1.46 | −0.01 | 0.58 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Interaction: PCF × WI | −0.06 | 0.40 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.94 | 1.03 | 0.08 | 0.38 | 0.83 | 1.09 | ||||||||||||
| CV: span of control | −0.06 | 0.29 | 0.83 | 0.94 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 1.28 | 0.09 | 0.69 | 0.89 | 1.10 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 1.36 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.83 | 1.17 | −0.15 | 0.69 | 0.83 | 0.86 |
| CV: leadership exp. | 0.03 | 0.29 | 0.93 | 1.03 | −0.34 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.71 | 0.38 | 1.06 | 0.72 | 1.47 | −0.37 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.69 | 0.36 | 1.07 | 0.74 | 1.43 | 0.73 | 1.06 | 0.49 | 2.07 |
Note(s): N = 148–150 leaders, LA = leader autonomy; PCF = psychological contract fulfillment; WI = work intensification. †p < 0.10; *p < 0.05
Source(s): Author’s own creation
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