Table 1

Parameter description

ParameterDefinition
M(t)Quality effort level of manufacturer at time t
R(t)Quality effort level of retailer at time t
q(t)Food quality at time t
w(t)Manufacturer's wholesale price to retailer at time t
p(t)Food retail price at time t
φ>0Natural decay rate of quality
θ1(0,1)Level of CSR for manufacturer
θ2(0,1)Level of CSR for retailer
D(t)Sales function
aThe potential number of consumers in the market
bPrice sensitivity factor of consumers
λProportion of offline consumers
ρ>0Discount factor
VmManufacturer's revenue function
VrRetailer's revenue function
VtTotal revenue function of supply chain

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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