Summary statistics of the variables taken into the present study
| ERS | Tobin’s Q | ROA | ROE | M/B | S/TA | D/E | CR | SIZE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 9.256250 | 4.057347 | 0.110762 | 0.190641 | 7.770938 | 0.782813 | 0.414688 | 1.853750 | 11.19299 |
| Median | 7.400000 | 2.673308 | 0.095074 | 0.145150 | 4.090000 | 0.735000 | 0.130000 | 1.35000 | 11.17804 |
| Maximum | 24.80000 | 22.31321 | 0.499147 | 1.028900 | 76.84000 | 2.490000 | 4.160000 | 7.260000 | 13.68617 |
| Minimum | 0.500000 | 0.451603 | −0.021766 | −0.069700 | 0.870000 | 0.050000 | 0.000000 | 0.510000 | 9.013100 |
| Std. dev | 7.461079 | 4.508173 | 0.104520 | 0.208385 | 13.36440 | 0.523673 | 0.800564 | 1.352834 | 1.118776 |
| Skewness | 0.588071 | 2.501723 | 1.803398 | 2.485355 | 4.546153 | 1.287575 | 3.441636 | 2.313968 | 0.304934 |
| Kurtosis | 2.162817 | 9.884489 | 7.302447 | 10.12019 | 23.82387 | 5.235241 | 16.15278 | 9.270151 | 2.595918 |
| ERS | Tobin’s Q | ROA | ROE | M/B | S/TA | D/E | CR | SIZE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 9.256250 | 4.057347 | 0.110762 | 0.190641 | 7.770938 | 0.782813 | 0.414688 | 1.853750 | 11.19299 |
| Median | 7.400000 | 2.673308 | 0.095074 | 0.145150 | 4.090000 | 0.735000 | 0.130000 | 1.35000 | 11.17804 |
| Maximum | 24.80000 | 22.31321 | 0.499147 | 1.028900 | 76.84000 | 2.490000 | 4.160000 | 7.260000 | 13.68617 |
| Minimum | 0.500000 | 0.451603 | −0.021766 | −0.069700 | 0.870000 | 0.050000 | 0.000000 | 0.510000 | 9.013100 |
| Std. dev | 7.461079 | 4.508173 | 0.104520 | 0.208385 | 13.36440 | 0.523673 | 0.800564 | 1.352834 | 1.118776 |
| Skewness | 0.588071 | 2.501723 | 1.803398 | 2.485355 | 4.546153 | 1.287575 | 3.441636 | 2.313968 | 0.304934 |
| Kurtosis | 2.162817 | 9.884489 | 7.302447 | 10.12019 | 23.82387 | 5.235241 | 16.15278 | 9.270151 | 2.595918 |
Source(s): Authors' own work
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