Summary of variables
| Stock prices breakdown risks | It has been calculated based on model (2) and (3) | ||
| Accounting conservatism | It has been calculated based on model (3) and (4) | ||
| Corporate governance | The analysis of principal component of six indicators for corporate governance | ||
| Firms size | Natural logarithm of the total assets of listed firms | ||
| Stock prices changes and fluctuation | Standard deviation of the unique income and returns of the stock in the current year | ||
| Hand turnover rate | Stock i turnover rate for the current year – turnover rate of the previous year/turnover rate for the current year | ||
| The ratio of market | The value of market/value of book for equity of shareholders | ||
| The shareholding ratio of the largest shareholders | The number of shares which held by the largest shareholder/the total number of shares | ||
| The institutional investors and shareholding ratio | The institutional investors which holdings shares/the total number of all shares |
| Stock prices breakdown risks | It has been calculated based on model (2) and (3) | ||
| Accounting conservatism | It has been calculated based on model (3) and (4) | ||
| Corporate governance | The analysis of principal component of six indicators for corporate governance | ||
| Firms size | Natural logarithm of the total assets of listed firms | ||
| Stock prices changes and fluctuation | Standard deviation of the unique income and returns of the stock | ||
| Hand turnover rate | Stock i turnover rate for the current year – turnover rate of the previous year/turnover rate for the current year | ||
| The ratio of market | The value of market/value of book for equity of shareholders | ||
| The shareholding ratio of the largest shareholders | The number of shares which held by the largest shareholder/the total number of shares | ||
| The institutional investors and shareholding ratio | The institutional investors which holdings shares/the total number of all shares |
Source(s): Table by authors
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