Table 2

Unit root test results

LLCADF-Fisher
I(0)I(1)I(0)I(1)
HDI1.039−7.738***56.396236.188***
FDI−8.059***−34.828***228.881***886.104***
Demo−20.810***−40.877***464.809***490.101***
Demo_Cap−3.140***−3.194***44.40691.183***
GDPG−19.309***−31.785***486.720***839.268***
Trade−3.869***−21.699***139.971***563.441***
GFCF−3.939***−20.868***130.569***582.552***
Credit0.166−19.123***81.425440.991***
Pop_U140.279−2.006**107.930***138.535***

Note(s): Automatic lag selection based on SIC. *** and ** represent significance at the 1 and 5% level respectively

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