Predicted probabilities for process innovation and forward participation
| No innovation | Incremental innovation | Radical innovation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predicted probability | s.e. | p | Predicted probability | s.e. | p | Predicted probability | s.e. | p | |
| Forward participation | −0.009 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Knowledge-intensive work practices | −0.052 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.029 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.023 | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Organization size | |||||||||
| Medium | −0.028 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.015 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.012 | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Large | −0.041 | 0.011 | 0.000 | 0.023 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.019 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Robots | −0.129 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.072 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.057 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| DA production | −0.120 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.053 | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| DA monitoring | −0.062 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.035 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.028 | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Wald χ2 | 1466.880 (p = 0.000) | ||||||||
| No innovation | Incremental innovation | Radical innovation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predicted probability | s.e. | Predicted probability | s.e. | Predicted probability | s.e. | ||||
| Forward participation | −0.009 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Knowledge-intensive work practices | −0.052 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.029 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.023 | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Medium | −0.028 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.015 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.012 | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Large | −0.041 | 0.011 | 0.000 | 0.023 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.019 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Robots | −0.129 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.072 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.057 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| DA production | −0.120 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.053 | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| DA monitoring | −0.062 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.035 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.028 | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Wald | 1466.880 ( | ||||||||
Note(s): 19,024 organizations in 15 sectors in 28 countries
Source(s): European Company Survey (ECS), Table by authors
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