Table 1 Difference between final study...

Table 1

Difference between final study sample and excluded data in NWS (study 1)

Variables	Final sample¹	Mean	Difference
Occupation: managers and administrators	Y	0.151	0.034**
Occupation: managers and administrators	N	0.117	0.034**
Occupation: professionals	Y	0.227	0.004
Occupation: professionals	N	0.223	0.004
Occupation: associate professional and technical	Y	0.131	−0.011
Occupation: associate professional and technical	N	0.142	−0.011
Occupation: clerical and secretarial	Y	0.122	0.009
Occupation: clerical and secretarial	N	0.114	0.009
Occupation: craft and related	Y	0.065	0.005
Occupation: craft and related	N	0.060	0.005
Occupation: personal and protective services	Y	0.115	−0.058**
Occupation: personal and protective services	N	0.173	−0.058**
Occupation: sales	Y	0.097	0.007
Occupation: sales	N	0.090	0.007
Occupation: plant and machine operatives	Y	0.073	0.013†
Occupation: plant and machine operatives	N	0.060	0.013†
Occupation: other	Y	0.018	−0.003
Occupation: other	N	0.021	−0.003
Industry: other production	Y	0.164	0.034**
Industry: other production	N	0.130	0.034**
Industry: construction	Y	0.050	0.015**
Industry: construction	N	0.035	0.015**
Industry: wholesale and retail	Y	0.138	0.026**
Industry: wholesale and retail	N	0.113	0.026**
Industry: hotels and restaurants	Y	0.043	−0.003
Industry: hotels and restaurants	N	0.046	−0.003
Industry: transport, storage, communication	Y	0.072	0.011
Industry: transport, storage, communication	N	0.061	0.011
Industry: financial and other business activities	Y	0.160	−0.004
Industry: financial and other business activities	N	0.164	−0.004
Industry: public admin and defense	Y	0.075	−0.016*
Industry: public admin and defense	N	0.091	−0.016*
Industry: education	Y	0.110	−0.022*
Industry: education	N	0.132	−0.022*
Industry: health	Y	0.161	−0.034**
Industry: health	N	0.195	−0.034**
Industry: other services	Y	0.027	−0.007
Industry: other services	N	0.034	−0.007
Region: border	Y	0.119	−0.021*
Region: border	N	0.140	−0.021*
Region: dublin	Y	0.312	0.015
Region: dublin	N	0.297	0.015
Region: mid-east	Y	0.093	0.003
Region: mid-east	N	0.090	0.003
Region: midlands	Y	0.064	−0.002
Region: midlands	N	0.066	−0.002
Region: mid-west	Y	0.089	−0.013
Region: mid-west	N	0.102	−0.013
Region: south-east	Y	0.075	0.007
Region: south-east	N	0.067	0.007
Region: south-west	Y	0.159	0.002
Region: south-west	N	0.157	0.002
Region: west	Y	0.089	0.008
Region: west	N	0.082	0.008
Public sector	Y	0.366	−0.020
Public sector	N	0.386	−0.020
Workplace size: 100 to 499²	Y	0.218	0.039**
Workplace size: 100 to 499²	N	0.180	0.039**
Workplace size: 500 or more²	Y	0.168	0.035**
Workplace size: 500 or more²	N	0.133	0.035**
Job level: senior management³	Y	0.094	0.014†
Job level: senior management³	N	0.080	0.014†
Job level: middle management³	Y	0.168	0.015
Job level: middle management³	N	0.153	0.015
Job level: supervisor³	Y	0.129	0.025**
Job level: supervisor³	N	0.103	0.025**
Work hours	Y	34.253	1.681**
Work hours	N	32.572	1.681**
Permanent employee	Y	0.875	0.054**
Permanent employee	N	0.821	0.054**
Organizational tenure (in months)	Y	129.642	9.724**
Organizational tenure (in months)	N	119.919	9.724**
Union member	Y	0.467	0.050**
Union member	N	0.417	0.050**
Female	Y	0.502	−0.039**
Female	N	0.541	−0.039**
Married	Y	0.684	0.020
Married	N	0.664	0.020
Age	Y	39.952	−1.155**
Age	N	41.107	−1.155**
Education: none/primary certificate or equivalent	Y	0.018	−0.009*
Education: none/primary certificate or equivalent	N	0.028	−0.009*
Education: some secondary (no exam)	Y	0.022	−0.004
Education: some secondary (no exam)	N	0.026	−0.004
Education: junior/inter/group certificate/lower second level	Y	0.098	−0.008
	N	0.106	−0.008
Education: leaving certificate/upper second level	Y	0.240	−0.021†
Education: leaving certificate/upper second level	N	0.261	−0.021†
Education: PLC, certificate or diploma	Y	0.230	0.017
Education: PLC, certificate or diploma	N	0.213	0.017
Education: third level bachelor’s degree	Y	0.243	0.013
Education: third level bachelor’s degree	N	0.230	0.013
Education: postgraduate degree	Y	0.147	0.011
Education: postgraduate degree	N	0.136	0.011
Education: other	Y	0.001	0.001
Education: other	N	0.000	0.001
Ln(hourly earnings)	Y	2.972⁴	0.067**
Ln(hourly earnings)	N	2.905⁵	0.067**
Ln(weekly income)	Y	6.433⁶	0.135**
Ln(weekly income)	N	6.299⁷	0.135**

Variables	Final sample¹	Mean	Difference
Occupation: managers and administrators	Y	0.151	0.034**
Occupation: managers and administrators	N	0.117	0.034**
Occupation: professionals	Y	0.227	0.004
Occupation: professionals	N	0.223	0.004
Occupation: associate professional and technical	Y	0.131	−0.011
Occupation: associate professional and technical	N	0.142	−0.011
Occupation: clerical and secretarial	Y	0.122	0.009
Occupation: clerical and secretarial	N	0.114	0.009
Occupation: craft and related	Y	0.065	0.005
Occupation: craft and related	N	0.060	0.005
Occupation: personal and protective services	Y	0.115	−0.058**
Occupation: personal and protective services	N	0.173	−0.058**
Occupation: sales	Y	0.097	0.007
Occupation: sales	N	0.090	0.007
Occupation: plant and machine operatives	Y	0.073	0.013†
Occupation: plant and machine operatives	N	0.060	0.013†
Occupation: other	Y	0.018	−0.003
Occupation: other	N	0.021	−0.003
Industry: other production	Y	0.164	0.034**
Industry: other production	N	0.130	0.034**
Industry: construction	Y	0.050	0.015**
Industry: construction	N	0.035	0.015**
Industry: wholesale and retail	Y	0.138	0.026**
Industry: wholesale and retail	N	0.113	0.026**
Industry: hotels and restaurants	Y	0.043	−0.003
Industry: hotels and restaurants	N	0.046	−0.003
Industry: transport, storage, communication	Y	0.072	0.011
Industry: transport, storage, communication	N	0.061	0.011
Industry: financial and other business activities	Y	0.160	−0.004
Industry: financial and other business activities	N	0.164	−0.004
Industry: public admin and defense	Y	0.075	−0.016*
Industry: public admin and defense	N	0.091	−0.016*
Industry: education	Y	0.110	−0.022*
Industry: education	N	0.132	−0.022*
Industry: health	Y	0.161	−0.034**
Industry: health	N	0.195	−0.034**
Industry: other services	Y	0.027	−0.007
Industry: other services	N	0.034	−0.007
Region: border	Y	0.119	−0.021*
Region: border	N	0.140	−0.021*
Region: dublin	Y	0.312	0.015
Region: dublin	N	0.297	0.015
Region: mid-east	Y	0.093	0.003
Region: mid-east	N	0.090	0.003
Region: midlands	Y	0.064	−0.002
Region: midlands	N	0.066	−0.002
Region: mid-west	Y	0.089	−0.013
Region: mid-west	N	0.102	−0.013
Region: south-east	Y	0.075	0.007
Region: south-east	N	0.067	0.007
Region: south-west	Y	0.159	0.002
Region: south-west	N	0.157	0.002
Region: west	Y	0.089	0.008
Region: west	N	0.082	0.008
Public sector	Y	0.366	−0.020
Public sector	N	0.386	−0.020
Workplace size: 100 to 499²	Y	0.218	0.039**
Workplace size: 100 to 499²	N	0.180	0.039**
Workplace size: 500 or more²	Y	0.168	0.035**
Workplace size: 500 or more²	N	0.133	0.035**
Job level: senior management³	Y	0.094	0.014†
Job level: senior management³	N	0.080	0.014†
Job level: middle management³	Y	0.168	0.015
Job level: middle management³	N	0.153	0.015
Job level: supervisor³	Y	0.129	0.025**
Job level: supervisor³	N	0.103	0.025**
Work hours	Y	34.253	1.681**
Work hours	N	32.572	1.681**
Permanent employee	Y	0.875	0.054**
Permanent employee	N	0.821	0.054**
Organizational tenure (in months)	Y	129.642	9.724**
Organizational tenure (in months)	N	119.919	9.724**
Union member	Y	0.467	0.050**
Union member	N	0.417	0.050**
Female	Y	0.502	−0.039**
Female	N	0.541	−0.039**
Married	Y	0.684	0.020
Married	N	0.664	0.020
Age	Y	39.952	−1.155**
Age	N	41.107	−1.155**
Education: none/primary certificate or equivalent	Y	0.018	−0.009*
Education: none/primary certificate or equivalent	N	0.028	−0.009*
Education: some secondary (no exam)	Y	0.022	−0.004
Education: some secondary (no exam)	N	0.026	−0.004
Education: junior/inter/group certificate/lower second level	Y	0.098	−0.008
	N	0.106	−0.008
Education: leaving certificate/upper second level	Y	0.240	−0.021†
Education: leaving certificate/upper second level	N	0.261	−0.021†
Education: PLC, certificate or diploma	Y	0.230	0.017
Education: PLC, certificate or diploma	N	0.213	0.017
Education: third level bachelor’s degree	Y	0.243	0.013
Education: third level bachelor’s degree	N	0.230	0.013
Education: postgraduate degree	Y	0.147	0.011
Education: postgraduate degree	N	0.136	0.011
Education: other	Y	0.001	0.001
Education: other	N	0.000	0.001
Ln(hourly earnings)	Y	2.972⁴	0.067**
Ln(hourly earnings)	N	2.905⁵	0.067**
Ln(weekly income)	Y	6.433⁶	0.135**
Ln(weekly income)	N	6.299⁷	0.135**

Note(s): **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, †p < 0.10

¹Y: Denotes the final sample, N: Denotes excluded data, N for final sample = 2,139, N for excluded data ranges from 2,478 to 2,971

²In number of employees. Base for comparison: Workplace with 99 or less employees

³Base for comparison: employee

⁴The amount equals to 19.5 Euros

⁵The amount equals to 18.3 Euros

⁶The amount equals to 622.0 Euros

⁷The amount equals to 544.0 Euros

Source(s): Table by authors

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