Table 1 Descriptive statistics and t... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Descriptive statistics and t-test

Variable	Period	Summary statistics		Differences of two periods
Variable	Period	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation
Return of VN-Index	2013–2018	0.05	1.05	−0.04	0.26***
Return of VN-Index	2019–2022	0.01	1.31	−0.04	0.26***
IP	2013–2018	86.26	12.72	50.53***	18.77***
IP	2019–2022	136.79	31.49	50.53***	18.77***
IRATE	2013–2018	3.46	0.86	−0.6***	0.64***
IRATE	2019–2022	2.86	1.5	−0.6***	0.64***

Variable	Period	Summary statistics		Differences of two periods
Variable	Period	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation
Return of VN-Index	2013–2018	0.05	1.05	−0.04	0.26***
Return of VN-Index	2019–2022	0.01	1.31	−0.04	0.26***
IP	2013–2018	86.26	12.72	50.53***	18.77***
IP	2019–2022	136.79	31.49	50.53***	18.77***
IRATE	2013–2018	3.46	0.86	−0.6***	0.64***
IRATE	2019–2022	2.86	1.5	−0.6***	0.64***

Note(s): (***) indicates significance at the 1% level

Source(s): Researchers’ own computations