Table 1

Participant overview

Ecosystem actor roleAbbreviationEcosystem positionCompanies/institutionsParticipants
Original equipment manufacturersOEMCentral46
Engineering and technology providersETPUpstream29
Research institutionsRIUpstream22
Suppliers (established automotive)SUP(e)Upstream412
Suppliers (focused technology)SUP(f)Upstream23
Automotive retailRETDownstream22
Corporate vehicle fleet operatorsFODownstream22
Energy companies (electric)EC(e)Downstream34
Energy companies (petrol)EC(p)Downstream22
Infrastructure companiesINFDownstream44
Total  2746

Source(s): Own elaboration

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