Performance measures
| Construct | Item | Item wording Over the past three years, our performance relative to our main competitors was, on average… (1 = much lower, 3 = equal, 5 = much higher) | Mean (st. dev.) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CostPerf | Cost | Cost effectiveness (including ordering cost, manufacturing cost, quality cost, inventory cost; man, machine, material efficiency) | 3.76 (0.86) | Demeter et al. (2016), Gastaldi et al. (2022) |
| Invt | Finished product inventory level | 3.43 (0.94) | ||
| DiffPerf | IntQual | Internal quality (e.g. conformance to product specifications, percentage of scrap and rework) | 3.97 (0.80) | |
| ExtQual | External quality (e.g. product quality and reliability; ease of product maintenance, repair, disassembly and recycling; defect products returned by customers) | 4.03 (0.77) | ||
| DelivTime | Customer order delivery time | 3.95 (0.88) | ||
| DelivRel | On-time delivery | 3.97 (0.87) | ||
| SizeFlex | Order size flexibility | 3.95 (0.85) | ||
| BusPerf | Sales | Sales | 2.71 (1.14) | |
| NetProfit | Net profit | 2.58 (1.16) | ||
| dProfit | Profit growth | 2.80 (1.08) |
| Construct | Item | Item wording | Mean | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CostPerf | Cost effectiveness (including ordering cost, manufacturing cost, quality cost, inventory cost; man, machine, material efficiency) | 3.76 (0.86) | ||
| Finished product inventory level | 3.43 (0.94) | |||
| DiffPerf | Internal quality (e.g. conformance to product specifications, percentage of scrap and rework) | 3.97 (0.80) | ||
| External quality (e.g. product quality and reliability; ease of product maintenance, repair, disassembly and recycling; defect products returned by customers) | 4.03 (0.77) | |||
| Customer order delivery time | 3.95 (0.88) | |||
| On-time delivery | 3.97 (0.87) | |||
| Order size flexibility | 3.95 (0.85) | |||
| BusPerf | Sales | 2.71 (1.14) | ||
| Net profit | 2.58 (1.16) | |||
| Profit growth | 2.80 (1.08) |
Source(s): Authors' work