Factors influencing CUC members' awareness of governance principles
| Regressors | Marginal effects | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rule of law | Morality | Transparency | Participation | Responsibility and accountability | Cost-effectiveness | ||
| Gender | 0.057**(0.023) | 0.005(0.045) | 0.053(0.042) | 0.027(0.045) | 0.052(0.041) | 0.047(0.049) | |
| Age | 36–55 | 0.007(0.036) | 0.024(0.068) | −0.102(0.071) | 0.034(0.064) | 0.116**(0.058) | −0.036(0.075) |
| >55 | 0.025(0.044) | −0.003(0.085) | −0.157*(0.085) | 0.031(0.078) | 0.162**(0.072) | −0.002(0.089) | |
| Married | 0.026(0.024) | 0.089*(0.051) | 0.011(0.047) | −0.001(0.048) | −0.040(0.043) | 0.004(0.055) | |
| Edu. | −0.065**(0.027) | −0.090(0.057) | 0.000(0.054) | −0.065(0.050) | −0.100*(0.051) | −0.168***(0.058) | |
| Occu. | Others (baseline) | ||||||
| Government Officer | 0.003(0.056) | −0.290**(0.125) | −0.426***(0.119) | −0.247**(0.125) | −0.271**(0.115) | −0.347***(0.128) | |
| Private Company | −0.034(0.039) | −0.151*(0.090) | −0.278***(0.076) | −0.158**(0.078) | −0.125(0.078) | −0.176**(0.085) | |
| Self-Employed | −0.030(0.038) | −0.157*(0.092) | −0.260***(0.074) | −0.185**(0.079) | −0.133*(0.076) | −0.116(0.086) | |
| Unemployed | −0.044(0.049) | −0.073(0.110) | −0.256***(0.097) | −0.185**(0.094) | −0.183**(0.090) | −0.197*(0.108) | |
| Income | >90,000 (baseline) | ||||||
| Under 30,000 | −0.053(0.040) | −0.043(0.094) | −0.143**(0.072) | −0.093(0.080) | −0.012(0.072) | −0.108(0.089) | |
| 30,001–60,000 | −0.048(0.038) | −0.029(0.094) | −0.109(0.068) | −0.078(0.080) | 0.016(0.069) | −0.049(0.087) | |
| 60,001–90,000 | −0.039(0.046) | −0.080(0.102) | −0.066(0.085) | −0.051(0.091) | 0.023(0.080) | 0.038(0.097) | |
| Experience | Mrk_bs | 0.020(0.014) | 0.031(0.027) | 0.024(0.027) | 0.071***(0.027) | −0.022(0.024) | 0.027(0.031) |
| Mgt | 0.203**(0.102) | 0.178***(0.224) | 0.275(0.212) | 0.971***(0.198) | 0.888***(0.185) | 0.804***(0.238) | |
| Cus_Ser | −0.116(0.086) | 0.435***(0.157) | −0.095(0.158) | 0.252(0.170) | 0.350**(0.143) | 0.062(0.166) | |
| Mem_Commit | 0.104(0.076) | 0.003(0.160) | −0.269(0.168) | −0.071(0.160) | −0.017(0.126) | 0.144(0.182) | |
| Perception | Envirm | 0.118(0.091) | 0.127(0.184) | 0.191(0.193) | 0.078(0.186) | 0.288**(0.169) | 0.567***(0.200) |
| Public_interest | 0.143(0.115) | 0.285 0.244) | 0.205(0.242) | 0.079(0.217) | 0.390*(0.209) | 0.050(0.243) | |
| Connect | 0.247**(0.112) | −0.188 0.235) | 0.231(0.222) | 0.258(0.228) | −0.195(0.196) | 0.267(0.273) | |
| Mrk_bs | 0.221(0.146) | 0.600**(0.298) | 0.641**(0.279) | 0.742***(0.265) | 0.172(0.234) | 0.639**(0.302) | |
| Mgt | −0.165(0.137) | 0.892***(0.277) | 0.680***(0.245) | 0.298(0.252) | 0.609**(0.245) | 1.301***(0.293) | |
| Cus_Ser | 0.205**(0.102) | 0.965***(0.201) | 0.366*(0.190) | 0.512**(0.201) | 0.555***(0.160) | 0.651***(0.196) | |
| Mem_Commit | 0.074(0.059) | 0.326***(0.117) | 0.400***(0.128) | 0.316**(0.122) | 0.215**(0.108) | 0.351***(0.122) | |
| Sizecuc | Medium (baseline) | ||||||
| Very Large | 0.030(0.028) | −0.100*(0.057) | −0.173***(0.054) | −0.196***(0.055) | 0.088*(0.050) | −0.042(0.063) | |
| Large | 0.027(0.028) | −0.072(0.055) | −0.135**(0.057) | −0.154***(0.053) | 0.075(0.048) | −0.038(0.058) | |
| Typecuc | Factory (baseline) | ||||||
| Rural | −0.046(0.036) | −0.030(0.074) | 0.049(0.070) | −0.069(0.068) | −0.012(0.062) | −0.119(0.084) | |
| Urban | −0.038(0.036) | −0.093(0.071) | −0.102(0.066) | −0.126*(0.072) | −0.235***(0.064) | −0.134*(0.074) | |
| Education | −0.083**(0.034) | −0.031(0.072) | 0.024(0.067) | −0.112*(0.063) | −0.061(0.060) | −0.004(0.071) | |
| Wald-χ2 | 119.44*** | 254.16*** | 187.35*** | 208.90*** | 191.45*** | 268.95*** | |
| Regressors | Marginal effects | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rule of law | Morality | Transparency | Participation | Responsibility and accountability | Cost-effectiveness | ||
| Gender | 0.057**(0.023) | 0.005(0.045) | 0.053(0.042) | 0.027(0.045) | 0.052(0.041) | 0.047(0.049) | |
| Age | 36–55 | 0.007(0.036) | 0.024(0.068) | −0.102(0.071) | 0.034(0.064) | 0.116**(0.058) | −0.036(0.075) |
| >55 | 0.025(0.044) | −0.003(0.085) | −0.157*(0.085) | 0.031(0.078) | 0.162**(0.072) | −0.002(0.089) | |
| Married | 0.026(0.024) | 0.089*(0.051) | 0.011(0.047) | −0.001(0.048) | −0.040(0.043) | 0.004(0.055) | |
| Edu. | −0.065**(0.027) | −0.090(0.057) | 0.000(0.054) | −0.065(0.050) | −0.100*(0.051) | −0.168***(0.058) | |
| Occu. | Others (baseline) | ||||||
| Government Officer | 0.003(0.056) | −0.290**(0.125) | −0.426***(0.119) | −0.247**(0.125) | −0.271**(0.115) | −0.347***(0.128) | |
| Private Company | −0.034(0.039) | −0.151*(0.090) | −0.278***(0.076) | −0.158**(0.078) | −0.125(0.078) | −0.176**(0.085) | |
| Self-Employed | −0.030(0.038) | −0.157*(0.092) | −0.260***(0.074) | −0.185**(0.079) | −0.133*(0.076) | −0.116(0.086) | |
| Unemployed | −0.044(0.049) | −0.073(0.110) | −0.256***(0.097) | −0.185**(0.094) | −0.183**(0.090) | −0.197*(0.108) | |
| Income | >90,000 (baseline) | ||||||
| Under 30,000 | −0.053(0.040) | −0.043(0.094) | −0.143**(0.072) | −0.093(0.080) | −0.012(0.072) | −0.108(0.089) | |
| 30,001–60,000 | −0.048(0.038) | −0.029(0.094) | −0.109(0.068) | −0.078(0.080) | 0.016(0.069) | −0.049(0.087) | |
| 60,001–90,000 | −0.039(0.046) | −0.080(0.102) | −0.066(0.085) | −0.051(0.091) | 0.023(0.080) | 0.038(0.097) | |
| Experience | Mrk_bs | 0.020(0.014) | 0.031(0.027) | 0.024(0.027) | 0.071***(0.027) | −0.022(0.024) | 0.027(0.031) |
| Mgt | 0.203**(0.102) | 0.178***(0.224) | 0.275(0.212) | 0.971***(0.198) | 0.888***(0.185) | 0.804***(0.238) | |
| Cus_Ser | −0.116(0.086) | 0.435***(0.157) | −0.095(0.158) | 0.252(0.170) | 0.350**(0.143) | 0.062(0.166) | |
| Mem_Commit | 0.104(0.076) | 0.003(0.160) | −0.269(0.168) | −0.071(0.160) | −0.017(0.126) | 0.144(0.182) | |
| Perception | Envirm | 0.118(0.091) | 0.127(0.184) | 0.191(0.193) | 0.078(0.186) | 0.288**(0.169) | 0.567***(0.200) |
| Public_interest | 0.143(0.115) | 0.285 0.244) | 0.205(0.242) | 0.079(0.217) | 0.390*(0.209) | 0.050(0.243) | |
| Connect | 0.247**(0.112) | −0.188 0.235) | 0.231(0.222) | 0.258(0.228) | −0.195(0.196) | 0.267(0.273) | |
| Mrk_bs | 0.221(0.146) | 0.600**(0.298) | 0.641**(0.279) | 0.742***(0.265) | 0.172(0.234) | 0.639**(0.302) | |
| Mgt | −0.165(0.137) | 0.892***(0.277) | 0.680***(0.245) | 0.298(0.252) | 0.609**(0.245) | 1.301***(0.293) | |
| Cus_Ser | 0.205**(0.102) | 0.965***(0.201) | 0.366*(0.190) | 0.512**(0.201) | 0.555***(0.160) | 0.651***(0.196) | |
| Mem_Commit | 0.074(0.059) | 0.326***(0.117) | 0.400***(0.128) | 0.316**(0.122) | 0.215**(0.108) | 0.351***(0.122) | |
| Sizecuc | Medium (baseline) | ||||||
| Very Large | 0.030(0.028) | −0.100*(0.057) | −0.173***(0.054) | −0.196***(0.055) | 0.088*(0.050) | −0.042(0.063) | |
| Large | 0.027(0.028) | −0.072(0.055) | −0.135**(0.057) | −0.154***(0.053) | 0.075(0.048) | −0.038(0.058) | |
| Typecuc | Factory (baseline) | ||||||
| Rural | −0.046(0.036) | −0.030(0.074) | 0.049(0.070) | −0.069(0.068) | −0.012(0.062) | −0.119(0.084) | |
| Urban | −0.038(0.036) | −0.093(0.071) | −0.102(0.066) | −0.126*(0.072) | −0.235***(0.064) | −0.134*(0.074) | |
| Education | −0.083**(0.034) | −0.031(0.072) | 0.024(0.067) | −0.112*(0.063) | −0.061(0.060) | −0.004(0.071) | |
| Wald- | 119.44*** | 254.16*** | 187.35*** | 208.90*** | 191.45*** | 268.95*** | |
Note(s): 1. *, **, *** indicate statistically significant levels at 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. 2. Numbers in parentheses are clustered standard errors
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