| Item | Item | Source of item | Ethical leadership | Factor | Factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | “I, as leader …” | Style | Loadings in 35 item scale | Loadings in 33 item scale | |
| 1 | *Show strong concern for ethical and moral values | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Virtuous Leader | 0.504 | 0.49 |
| 2 | *Am honest and can be trusted to tell the truth | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Virtuous Leader | 0.623 | 0.62 |
| 3 | *Am fair and unbiased when assigning tasks to members | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Virtuous Leader | 0.441 | 0.42 |
| 4 | *Exercise sound reasoning in deciding on the optimal course of action | Wang and Hackett (2016) | Virtuous Leader | 0.326 | 0.45 |
| 5 | *Insist on doing what is fair andethical even when it is not easy | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Virtuous Leader | 0.611 | 0.59 |
| 6 | *Acknowledge mistakes and take responsibility for them | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Virtuous Leader | 0.544 | 0.53 |
| 7 | *Regard honesty and integrity as important personal values | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Virtuous Leader | 0.589 | 0.58 |
| 8 | *Oppose the use of unethical practices to increase performance | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Virtuous Leader | 0.439 | 0.42 |
| 9 | *Hold members accountable for using ethical practices in their work | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Virtuous Leader | 0.513 | 0.48 |
| 10 | *Keep my actions consistent with my stated values | Van Wart (2014) | Authentic Leader | 0.494 | 0.48 |
| 11 | *Am aware of my personal values | Van Wart (2014) | Authentic Leader | 0.557 | 0.54 |
| 12 | *Can be trusted to carry out promises and commitments | Van Wart (2014) | Authentic Leader | 0.599 | 0.60 |
| 13 | *Am resilient in nature | Van Wart (2014) | Positive Leader | 0.394 | 0.36 |
| 14 | Am an optimist | Van Wart (2014) | Positive Leader | 0.373 | |
| 15 | *Prefer openness in all situations | Van Wart (2014) | Positive Leader | 0.453 | 0.43 |
| 16 | *Communicate clear ethical standards for members | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Moral Manager | 0.414 | 0.38 |
| 17 | *Set an example of ethical behavior in my decisions and actions | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Moral Manager | 0.603 | 0.59 |
| 18 | *Set an example of dedication and self-sacrifice for the organization | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Moral Manager | 0.433 | 0.41 |
| 19 | *Am Fair and objective when evaluating member performance and providing rewards | (ELQ) Yukl et al., 2013 | Moral Manager | 0.492 | 0.48 |
| 20 | Have concern for legal and organizational rules | Van Wart (2014) | Moral Manager | ||
| 21 | *Clarify who is responsible for what | (ELW) Kalshoven et al., 2011 | Moral Manager | 0.390 | 0.38 |
| 22 | *Am committed to lifelong learning | Thun and Kelloway, 2011 Van Wart (2014) | Professionally grounded leader | 0.451 | 0.41 |
| 23 | *Am able to distinguish between competing values | Professionally grounded leader | 0.501 | 0.48 | |
| 24 | Am guided by principles rather than rules | Van Wart (2014) | Professionally grounded leader | ||
| 25 | *Show concern for others | Dennis and Bocarnea (2005) | Servant Leader | 0.480 | 0.46 |
| 26 | *Empower others with opportunities so that they develop their skills | Dennis and Bocarnea (2005) | Servant Leader | 0.499 | 0.47 |
| 27 | Have a demeanor of humility | Dennis and Bocarnea (2005) | Servant Leader | ||
| 28 | *Encourage wellness and assistance programs | Van Wart (2014) | Spiritual Leader | 0.493 | 0.47 |
| 29 | *Encourage diversity practices | Van Wart (2014) | Spiritual Leader | 0.362 | 0.32 |
| 30 | *Encourage bereavement programs | Van Wart (2014) | Spiritual Leader | 0.476 | 0.45 |
| 31 | Contribute to campaigns and projects that promote the well-being of the society | Turker (2009) | CSR | ||
| 32 | *Make investment to create a better life for future generations | Turker (2009) | CSR | 0.441 | 0.38 |
| 33 | *Respect human rights beyond the legal requirements | Van Wart (2014) | CSR | 0.318 | 0.28 |
| 34 | Show concern for sustainability issues | (ELW) Kalshoven et al., 2011 | Transformational Leader | 0.360 | |
| 35 | *Emphasize the collective mission | (MLQ) Avolio et al. (1999) | Transformational Leader | 0.530 | 0.50 |
| 36 | *Suggest different angles | (MLQ) Avolio et al. (1999) | Transformational Leader | 0.480 | 0.45 |
| 37 | *Focus on strength of employees | (MLQ) Avolio et al. (1999) | Transformational Leader | 0.484 | 0.46 |
| 38 | *Am also responsible for society and the environment of my organization | Added | Transformational Leader | 0.447 | 0.40 |
| 39 | Do not believe that sustainability is a vital function for a good leader | Added, reverse of transformational Leader | Transformational Leader | ||
| 40 | *Believe that only rules are not enough | Added, reverse of moral manager | Moral manager | 0.373 | 0.35 |
| 41 | Think that rewards and punishments are not useful in the long run | Added, reverse of moral manager | Moral manager | ||
| 42 | I assign tasks to employees based on my personal preferences | Reverse of 3 | Virtuous leader | ||
| 43 | I like to be treated with the respect that I deserve based on my position | Reverse of 27 | Servant leader | ||
| 44 | I am a pessimist | Reverse of 14 | Positive leader |
| Item | Item | Source of item | Ethical leadership | Factor | Factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | “I, as leader …” | Style | Loadings in 35 item scale | Loadings in 33 item scale | |
| 1 | 0.504 | 0.49 | |||
| 2 | 0.623 | 0.62 | |||
| 3 | 0.441 | 0.42 | |||
| 4 | 0.326 | 0.45 | |||
| 5 | 0.611 | 0.59 | |||
| 6 | 0.544 | 0.53 | |||
| 7 | 0.589 | 0.58 | |||
| 8 | 0.439 | 0.42 | |||
| 9 | 0.513 | 0.48 | |||
| 10 | 0.494 | 0.48 | |||
| 11 | 0.557 | 0.54 | |||
| 12 | 0.60 | ||||
| 13 | 0.36 | ||||
| 14 | Am an optimist | Positive Leader | 0.373 | ||
| 15 | 0.43 | ||||
| 16 | 0.38 | ||||
| 17 | 0.59 | ||||
| 18 | 0.41 | ||||
| 19 | 0.48 | ||||
| 20 | Have concern for legal and organizational rules | Moral Manager | |||
| 21 | 0.38 | ||||
| 22 | 0.41 | ||||
| 23 | 0.48 | ||||
| 24 | Am guided by principles rather than rules | Professionally grounded leader | |||
| 25 | 0.46 | ||||
| 26 | 0.47 | ||||
| 27 | Have a demeanor of humility | Servant Leader | |||
| 28 | 0.47 | ||||
| 29 | 0.32 | ||||
| 30 | 0.45 | ||||
| 31 | Contribute to campaigns and projects that promote the well-being of the society | CSR | |||
| 32 | 0.38 | ||||
| 33 | 0.28 | ||||
| 34 | Show concern for sustainability issues | (ELW) | Transformational Leader | 0.360 | |
| 35 | 0.50 | ||||
| 36 | 0.45 | ||||
| 37 | 0.46 | ||||
| 38 | 0.40 | ||||
| 39 | Do not believe that sustainability is a vital function for a good leader | Added, reverse of transformational Leader | |||
| 40 | 0.35 | ||||
| 41 | Think that rewards and punishments are not useful in the long run | Added, reverse of moral manager | Moral manager | ||
| 42 | I assign tasks to employees based on my personal preferences | Reverse of 3 | Virtuous leader | ||
| 43 | I like to be treated with the respect that I deserve based on my position | Reverse of 27 | Servant leader | ||
| 44 | I am a pessimist | Reverse of 14 | Positive leader |
Source(s): Appendix by authors
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