Table A1 Comparative analysis of small... | Emerald Publishing

Table A1

Comparative analysis of small cell deployment regulations for 5G networks across global jurisdictions

Country/Region	Regulatory approach and incentives	Outcomes
Japan	Reduced barriers to deployment by cutting documentation Encouraged detailed installation plans for rapid deployment	High density of base stations managed effectively
South Korea	Generous tax concessions for early 5G deployment Required detailed installation plans for rapid deployment	Established an expansive network for 4G/LTE, facilitating 5G transition
Singapore	IMDA waived licence fees, expedited licence agreements and provided targeted sites Focused on development in specific sectors	Favourable conditions created for 5G use in targeted sectors
China	Collaborated with municipalities for network planning integrated with urban strategies Installed ∼460 5G sites per day in 2017	Densified coverage at a high rate Cellular networks integrated with energy, housing and transport strategies
United States	FCC’s 5G FAST Plan to streamline procedures and remove barriers Limited fees (US$100 application fee limit and US$270 annual fee limit) Introduced response time limits (60 days for co-location and 90 days for new builds)	Pushback from local governments; some cities sued the FCC FCC prioritised federal directives over local autonomy
European Union	Permits only required for protected buildings/sites or for public safety reasons	Harmonized regulations to support small cell deployments
Canada	Equal rules for large and small cells, requiring municipal consent	Approach promotes notification and consultation over regulation
Australia	“Low-impact” facilities exempt from state and local laws Mobile phone base station deployment code requires notification and consultation with local councils and communities	Trend towards installing “low-impact” facilities to avoid formal approval processes

Country/Region	Regulatory approach and incentives	Outcomes
Japan	Reduced barriers to deployment by cutting documentation Encouraged detailed installation plans for rapid deployment	High density of base stations managed effectively
South Korea	Generous tax concessions for early 5G deployment Required detailed installation plans for rapid deployment	Established an expansive network for 4G/LTE, facilitating 5G transition
Singapore	IMDA waived licence fees, expedited licence agreements and provided targeted sites Focused on development in specific sectors	Favourable conditions created for 5G use in targeted sectors
China	Collaborated with municipalities for network planning integrated with urban strategies Installed ∼460 5G sites per day in 2017	Densified coverage at a high rate Cellular networks integrated with energy, housing and transport strategies
United States	FCC’s 5G FAST Plan to streamline procedures and remove barriers Limited fees (US$100 application fee limit and US$270 annual fee limit) Introduced response time limits (60 days for co-location and 90 days for new builds)	Pushback from local governments; some cities sued the FCC FCC prioritised federal directives over local autonomy
European Union	Permits only required for protected buildings/sites or for public safety reasons	Harmonized regulations to support small cell deployments
Canada	Equal rules for large and small cells, requiring municipal consent	Approach promotes notification and consultation over regulation
Australia	“Low-impact” facilities exempt from state and local laws Mobile phone base station deployment code requires notification and consultation with local councils and communities	Trend towards installing “low-impact” facilities to avoid formal approval processes

Source:

Created by authors