Table 1 Operational definition of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Operational definition of constructs

Research construct	Operational definition	References
Corporate environmental ethics	The total ethical belief, value and norm of responding to environmental concerns within a firm	Chang (2011), Han et al. (2019)
Green creativity	Underlies the development of new ideas about green products, green services, green processes or green practices that are judged to be original, novel, and useful	Chen and Chang (2013), Guo et al. (2020), Singh et al. (2019)
Sustainable production	The creation of goods and services using systems and processes that are deemed as environmentally friendly, non-polluting, conserves resources and energy	Alayón et al. (2017), Baah et al. (2021b, c), Wang et al. (2019)
Green competitive advantage	The ability to gain benefits from environmental management and green innovation strategies and as such, occupy a position where competitors cannot copy such environmental strategies	Chen and Chang (2013), Agyabeng-Mensah et al. (2021), Zameer et al. (2020)
Financial performance	The assessment of fiscal health by considering assets, equity, revenues and overall profitability of a firm	Wang and Sarkis (2017), Dong et al. (2020), Awaysheh et al. (2020)

Research construct	Operational definition	References
Corporate environmental ethics	The total ethical belief, value and norm of responding to environmental concerns within a firm	Chang (2011), Han et al. (2019)
Green creativity	Underlies the development of new ideas about green products, green services, green processes or green practices that are judged to be original, novel, and useful	Chen and Chang (2013), Guo et al. (2020), Singh et al. (2019)
Sustainable production	The creation of goods and services using systems and processes that are deemed as environmentally friendly, non-polluting, conserves resources and energy	Alayón et al. (2017), Baah et al. (2021b, c), Wang et al. (2019)
Green competitive advantage	The ability to gain benefits from environmental management and green innovation strategies and as such, occupy a position where competitors cannot copy such environmental strategies	Chen and Chang (2013), Agyabeng-Mensah et al. (2021), Zameer et al. (2020)
Financial performance	The assessment of fiscal health by considering assets, equity, revenues and overall profitability of a firm	Wang and Sarkis (2017), Dong et al. (2020), Awaysheh et al. (2020)

Source(s): Authors' own work