Table 2. BIM benefits extracted from the... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2.

BIM benefits extracted from the literature

Project phase	BIM benefit	References
Concept and planning	Accuracy of schedules Increased communication Time savings productivity Better decision-making Enhanced efficiency and accuracy Reduction of requests for information Standardisation Reduces human errors and omissions Ease of plan revisions *Facilitating the early involvement of key stakeholders	(Liu et al., 2018) (Ahuja et al., 2016; Dowsett and Harty, 2019; Liu et al., 2022; Shin et al., 2018) (Alashmori et al., 2020; Alwisy et al., 2018; Feng et al., 2022; Stowe et al., 2015; Vidalakis et al., 2020)
Engineering	Accuracy of schedules Increased communication Increased visualisation Cost reduction Time savings Productivity Improvement in design and project quality Better decision-making Enhance efficiency and accuracy Design alternatives Design optimisation Reduction of requests for information Reduces human errors and omissions Clash detection to reduce design errors Rapid identification of design changes Reduction in rework Technical interoperability Standardisation Enables automation of Documentation Enables faster reviews for approvals and permits *Serves as a new marketing tool for firms	(Ahuja et al., 2016) (Ahankoob et al., 2022; Babatunde et al., 2018; Coates, 2020; Edirisinghe and Woo, 2021; Feng et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2018) (Olatunji et al., 2021) (Stride et al., 2020; Wahab and Wang, 2022) (Chahrour et al., 2021; Koo and O’Connor, 2021; Tan et al., 2020)
Procurement	Accuracy of schedules Increased communication Cost reduction Time savings Productivity Better decision-making Enhance efficiency and accuracy On time delivery Standardisation Reduces human errors and omissions *Confidence in prefabrication/preassembly	(Magill et al., 2022) (Abushwereb et al., 2019; Alwisy et al., 2019; Babatunde et al., 2018; Dowsett and Harty, 2019; Gharaibeh et al., 2022a; Li et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2019 (Le, 2022 #27)
Construction	Reducing waste Accuracy of schedules Increased communication Increased visualisation Cost reduction Time savings Productivity Better decision-making Site safety Reduces human errors and omissions Removal of unbudgeted variations Reduction of requests for information Enhance efficiency and accuracy Clash detection to reduce design errors Rapid identification of design changes Reduction in rework Less skilled workforce Technical interoperability Ability to foresee hazards Standardisation Enables automation of documentation Encourages use of other technologies (GIS, unity, etc.) *Improved handover process from construction to operation	(Magill et al., 2022) (Abushwereb et al., 2019; Acheng et al., 2022; An et al., 2019; Cassano and Trani, 2017; Dao and Nguyen, 2021; Liu et al., 2022; Murguia et al., 2023; Shin et al., 2018; Swallow and Zulu, 2019; Viliūnas and Migilinskas, 2021)
Facility management and operations	Increased communication Time savings Productivity Better decision-making Ability to foresee hazards Enables automation of documentation Provides more accurate as-built deliverables Increases project profitability Reduces human errors and omissions Encourages facilities manager input from earlier design stage	(Matarneh and Elghaish, 2021) (Edirisinghe and Woo, 2021; Georgiadou, 2019; Halmetoja and Lepkova, 2022; Liu et al., 2022; Matarneh et al., 2022; Moreno et al., 2019; Shin et al., 2018)

Project phase	BIM benefit	References
Concept and planning	Accuracy of schedules Increased communication Time savings productivity Better decision-making Enhanced efficiency and accuracy Reduction of requests for information Standardisation Reduces human errors and omissions Ease of plan revisions *Facilitating the early involvement of key stakeholders	(Liu et al., 2018) (Ahuja et al., 2016; Dowsett and Harty, 2019; Liu et al., 2022; Shin et al., 2018) (Alashmori et al., 2020; Alwisy et al., 2018; Feng et al., 2022; Stowe et al., 2015; Vidalakis et al., 2020)
Engineering	Accuracy of schedules Increased communication Increased visualisation Cost reduction Time savings Productivity Improvement in design and project quality Better decision-making Enhance efficiency and accuracy Design alternatives Design optimisation Reduction of requests for information Reduces human errors and omissions Clash detection to reduce design errors Rapid identification of design changes Reduction in rework Technical interoperability Standardisation Enables automation of Documentation Enables faster reviews for approvals and permits *Serves as a new marketing tool for firms	(Ahuja et al., 2016) (Ahankoob et al., 2022; Babatunde et al., 2018; Coates, 2020; Edirisinghe and Woo, 2021; Feng et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2018) (Olatunji et al., 2021) (Stride et al., 2020; Wahab and Wang, 2022) (Chahrour et al., 2021; Koo and O’Connor, 2021; Tan et al., 2020)
Procurement	Accuracy of schedules Increased communication Cost reduction Time savings Productivity Better decision-making Enhance efficiency and accuracy On time delivery Standardisation Reduces human errors and omissions *Confidence in prefabrication/preassembly	(Magill et al., 2022) (Abushwereb et al., 2019; Alwisy et al., 2019; Babatunde et al., 2018; Dowsett and Harty, 2019; Gharaibeh et al., 2022a; Li et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2019 (Le, 2022 #27)
Construction	Reducing waste Accuracy of schedules Increased communication Increased visualisation Cost reduction Time savings Productivity Better decision-making Site safety Reduces human errors and omissions Removal of unbudgeted variations Reduction of requests for information Enhance efficiency and accuracy Clash detection to reduce design errors Rapid identification of design changes Reduction in rework Less skilled workforce Technical interoperability Ability to foresee hazards Standardisation Enables automation of documentation Encourages use of other technologies (GIS, unity, etc.) *Improved handover process from construction to operation	(Magill et al., 2022) (Abushwereb et al., 2019; Acheng et al., 2022; An et al., 2019; Cassano and Trani, 2017; Dao and Nguyen, 2021; Liu et al., 2022; Murguia et al., 2023; Shin et al., 2018; Swallow and Zulu, 2019; Viliūnas and Migilinskas, 2021)
Facility management and operations	Increased communication Time savings Productivity Better decision-making Ability to foresee hazards Enables automation of documentation Provides more accurate as-built deliverables Increases project profitability Reduces human errors and omissions Encourages facilities manager input from earlier design stage	(Matarneh and Elghaish, 2021) (Edirisinghe and Woo, 2021; Georgiadou, 2019; Halmetoja and Lepkova, 2022; Liu et al., 2022; Matarneh et al., 2022; Moreno et al., 2019; Shin et al., 2018)

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