Table 4. Summary of calibration chamber...

Table 4.

Summary of calibration chamber tests on normally consolidated sands

Sand	Reference	No. of tests	BC^a	Sat.	Chamber ratio, D/d	Sample prep. method	K₀	Vertical effective stress, $σ_{v}^{'}$ : kPa	Mean effective stress, $p_{0}^{'} :$ kPa	Void ratio, e	State parameter, ψ	Elastic rigidity, $I_{r}$ ^b
Da Nang	Hsu (1999)	38	BC5	Dry	22.1–44.2	Dry pluv	0.38–1.77	38–160	33–152	0.56–0.73	−0.243, −0.022	483–832
Erksak	Been et al. (1987a)	14	BC4	Sat.	38	Moist tamped	0.69–1.00	30–374	25–302	0.53–0.66	−0.229, −0.069	373–1196
Hilton Mines	Harman (1976)	20	BC1, BC3	Dry, Sat.	34.2	Dry pluv.	0.37–0.51	51–272	31–172	0.68–0.93	−0.340, −0.035	581–2123
Hokksund	Baldi et al. (1986); Been et al. (1987b), & Parkin et al. (1980)	51	BC1, BC3	Dry	33.6–48	Dry pluv.	0.31–0.51	57–402	33–252	0.55–0.85	−0.296, 0.045	382–2763
Ottawa	Harman (1976)	30	BC1,BC2	Dry, Sat.	34.2	Dry pluv	0.34–0.50	51–294	29–182	0.54–0.73	−0.171, 0.026	667–1252
Syncrude Oil Tailings	Golder Associates (1987a)	8	BC4	Sat, Wet	38	Water pluv. & moist tamped	0.50–0.51	50–600	33–400	0.56–0.70	−0.227, −0.022	274–1204
Ticino 4	Baldi et al. (1986)	68	BC1,BC3	Dry	33.6	Dry pluv.	0.39–0.64	41–515	25–367	0.59–0.86	−0.296, −0.001	429–2576
Ticino 9	Golder Associates (1987b)	9	BC4	Dry	38	Dry pluv.	0.50–1.00	45–450	30–317	0.63–0.88	−0.243, 0.016	524–1933
Toyoura 160	Fioravante et al. (1991)	41	BC1, BC2, BC3	Dry, Sat.	22.1–120	Dry pluv.	0.36–0.49	51–295	31–177	0.64–0.85	−0.268, −0.041	579–1729

Sand	Reference	No. of tests	BC^a	Sat.	Chamber ratio, D/d	Sample prep. method	K₀	Vertical effective stress, $σ_{v}^{'}$ : kPa	Mean effective stress, $p_{0}^{'} :$ kPa	Void ratio, e	State parameter, ψ	Elastic rigidity, $I_{r}$ ^b
Da Nang	Hsu (1999)	38	BC5	Dry	22.1–44.2	Dry pluv	0.38–1.77	38–160	33–152	0.56–0.73	−0.243, −0.022	483–832
Erksak	Been et al. (1987a)	14	BC4	Sat.	38	Moist tamped	0.69–1.00	30–374	25–302	0.53–0.66	−0.229, −0.069	373–1196
Hilton Mines	Harman (1976)	20	BC1, BC3	Dry, Sat.	34.2	Dry pluv.	0.37–0.51	51–272	31–172	0.68–0.93	−0.340, −0.035	581–2123
Hokksund	Baldi et al. (1986); Been et al. (1987b), & Parkin et al. (1980)	51	BC1, BC3	Dry	33.6–48	Dry pluv.	0.31–0.51	57–402	33–252	0.55–0.85	−0.296, 0.045	382–2763
Ottawa	Harman (1976)	30	BC1,BC2	Dry, Sat.	34.2	Dry pluv	0.34–0.50	51–294	29–182	0.54–0.73	−0.171, 0.026	667–1252
Syncrude Oil Tailings	Golder Associates (1987a)	8	BC4	Sat, Wet	38	Water pluv. & moist tamped	0.50–0.51	50–600	33–400	0.56–0.70	−0.227, −0.022	274–1204
Ticino 4	Baldi et al. (1986)	68	BC1,BC3	Dry	33.6	Dry pluv.	0.39–0.64	41–515	25–367	0.59–0.86	−0.296, −0.001	429–2576
Ticino 9	Golder Associates (1987b)	9	BC4	Dry	38	Dry pluv.	0.50–1.00	45–450	30–317	0.63–0.88	−0.243, 0.016	524–1933
Toyoura 160	Fioravante et al. (1991)	41	BC1, BC2, BC3	Dry, Sat.	22.1–120	Dry pluv.	0.36–0.49	51–295	31–177	0.64–0.85	−0.268, −0.041	579–1729

Boundary conditions (1987 b): BC1, constant stress side-and base restraints; BC2, constant volume side-and base restraints; BC3, constant volume side-restraint and stress base restraint; BC4, constant stress side-restraint and constant volume base restraint; BC5, servo-controlled side-restraint and constant volume base restraint

Elastic shear rigidity $I_{r} =$ $\frac{G}{p_{0}}$

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