Table 5. NorSand Parameters for nine... | Emerald Publishing

Table 5.

NorSand Parameters for nine calibration chamber sands (modified from Ghafghazi and Shuttle, 2008)

Sand	CSL			Plasticity			Elasticity^a
Sand	Γ	λ_e	M_tc	N	Η	χ_tc	I_r	υ
Da Nang	0.915	0.0317	1.25	0.35	$40 - 220 ψ_{0}$	4.3	$300 - 2000 ψ_{0}$ (From fitting to triaxial data)	0.2
Erksak	0.834	0.019	1.25	0.32	$100 - 400 ψ_{0}$	3.8	$\frac{195}{e - e_{\min}^{}} \times {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.5}$ After Jefferies and Been (2015) $e_{\min}^{}$ = 0.355 is the void ratio at which volumetric compressibility becomes zero	0.2
Hilton Mines Tailings	1.315	0.0738	1.40	0.20	50	3.5	Equal to Toyoura 160	0.2
Hokksund	0.934	0.0235	1.00	0.40	$138 + 513 ψ_{0} + 2250 ψ_{0}^{2}$	4.0	$\frac{720}{e^{1.3}} \times {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.54}$ After Lo Presti et al. (1992)	0.2
Ottawa	0.754	0.0122	1.24	0.45	$180 - 400 ψ_{0}$	4.0	$(\frac{2.66 + e}{1 + e}) \times {(38.1 - 25.9 e)}^{2} \times {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.48}$ After Robertson et al. (1995)	0.2
Syncrude oil tailings	0.89	0.0283	1.27	0.28	$43 - 296 ψ_{0} + 1927 ψ_{0}^{2}$	5.8	$(\frac{2.64 + e}{1 + e}) \times {(31.1 - 18.8 e)}^{2} \times K_{0}^{0.26} \times {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.48}$ After Cunning et al. (1995)	0.2
Ticino 4	0.986	0.0243	1.27	0.40	$70 - 200 ψ_{0}$	3.0	$\frac{650}{e^{1.3}} {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.52}$ After Shuttle and Jefferies (1998)	0.2
Ticino 9	0.970	0.0217	1.33	0.40	60 $- 350 ψ_{0}$	3.8	Equal to Ticino 4	0.2
Toyoura 160	0.983	0.019	1.28	0.41	100	4.4	$668 \times \frac{{(2.17 - e)}^{2}}{1 + e} \times {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.45}$ After Chaudhary et al. (2004)	0.2

Sand	CSL			Plasticity			Elasticity^a
Sand	Γ	λ_e	M_tc	N	Η	χ_tc	I_r	υ
Da Nang	0.915	0.0317	1.25	0.35	$40 - 220 ψ_{0}$	4.3	$300 - 2000 ψ_{0}$ (From fitting to triaxial data)	0.2
Erksak	0.834	0.019	1.25	0.32	$100 - 400 ψ_{0}$	3.8	$\frac{195}{e - e_{\min}^{}} \times {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.5}$ After Jefferies and Been (2015) $e_{\min}^{}$ = 0.355 is the void ratio at which volumetric compressibility becomes zero	0.2
Hilton Mines Tailings	1.315	0.0738	1.40	0.20	50	3.5	Equal to Toyoura 160	0.2
Hokksund	0.934	0.0235	1.00	0.40	$138 + 513 ψ_{0} + 2250 ψ_{0}^{2}$	4.0	$\frac{720}{e^{1.3}} \times {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.54}$ After Lo Presti et al. (1992)	0.2
Ottawa	0.754	0.0122	1.24	0.45	$180 - 400 ψ_{0}$	4.0	$(\frac{2.66 + e}{1 + e}) \times {(38.1 - 25.9 e)}^{2} \times {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.48}$ After Robertson et al. (1995)	0.2
Syncrude oil tailings	0.89	0.0283	1.27	0.28	$43 - 296 ψ_{0} + 1927 ψ_{0}^{2}$	5.8	$(\frac{2.64 + e}{1 + e}) \times {(31.1 - 18.8 e)}^{2} \times K_{0}^{0.26} \times {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.48}$ After Cunning et al. (1995)	0.2
Ticino 4	0.986	0.0243	1.27	0.40	$70 - 200 ψ_{0}$	3.0	$\frac{650}{e^{1.3}} {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.52}$ After Shuttle and Jefferies (1998)	0.2
Ticino 9	0.970	0.0217	1.33	0.40	60 $- 350 ψ_{0}$	3.8	Equal to Ticino 4	0.2
Toyoura 160	0.983	0.019	1.28	0.41	100	4.4	$668 \times \frac{{(2.17 - e)}^{2}}{1 + e} \times {(\frac{p_{0}^{'}}{p_{ref}})}^{- 0.45}$ After Chaudhary et al. (2004)	0.2

^a

p_ref is equal to 100 kPa or equivalent