Table 1 Key drivers and resistance... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Key drivers and resistance factors to OCCE

	Drivers to OCCE	Resistance factors to OCCE
Organizational level	Culture, values, and beliefs: role of a participative organizational culture (Bertassini et al., 2021) spread of circular values and stimulate motivation to adhere to circular principles (Svensson and Funck, 2019) Systems and metrics: green human resource management (including environmental recruitment and eco-focused trainings (Chiappetta Jabbour et al., 2019). Environmental awards and performance measurement systems are proposed to evaluate circular goals (e.g. Sarja et al., 2021) Innovation and experimentation capabilities as key enablers of OCCE (e.g. Hofmann and Jaeger-Erben, 2020; Lehtimäki et al., 2020). Avoid silo-thinking and foster collaboration (e.g. Hofmann and Jaeger-Erben, 2020) Stakeholder engagement and participative management (e.g. Wiesner et al., 2018)	Linear structures and thinking as they can result in path-dependency and lock-in (e.g. Lehtimäki et al., 2020)

	Drivers to OCCE	Resistance factors to OCCE
Organizational level	Culture, values, and beliefs: role of a participative organizational culture (Bertassini et al., 2021) spread of circular values and stimulate motivation to adhere to circular principles (Svensson and Funck, 2019)Systems and metrics: green human resource management (including environmental recruitment and eco-focused trainings (Chiappetta Jabbour et al., 2019). Environmental awards and performance measurement systems are proposed to evaluate circular goals (e.g. Sarja et al., 2021)Innovation and experimentation capabilities as key enablers of OCCE (e.g. Hofmann and Jaeger-Erben, 2020; Lehtimäki et al., 2020). Avoid silo-thinking and foster collaboration (e.g. Hofmann and Jaeger-Erben, 2020)Stakeholder engagement and participative management (e.g. Wiesner et al., 2018)	Linear structures and thinking as they can result in path-dependency and lock-in (e.g. Lehtimäki et al., 2020)

Source(s): Adapted from Graessler et al. (2024)