Table 5 Q1 results Observed frequency (...

Table 5

Q1 results

	Observed frequency (⁠ $O_{i}$ ⁠)	Expected frequency (⁠ $E_{i}$ ⁠)	Difference	Difference Sq	Difference squared/Expectation frequency
Retain, Ho	52	165	−113.00	12769.00	77.39
Switch, Ha	113	0	113.00	12796.00	∞
	165	165
$X^{2}$ value	∞
p-value	<0.00001

	Observed frequency ( $O_{i}$ )	Expected frequency ( $E_{i}$ )	Difference	Difference Sq	Difference squared/Expectation frequency
Retain, Ho	52	165	−113.00	12769.00	77.39
Switch, Ha	113	0	113.00	12796.00	∞
	165	165
$X^{2}$ value	∞
p-value	<0.00001

Note(s): Setting Level of Confidence at 95%, and therefore an alpha (α) of 0.05, the $X^{2}$ result is deemed significant (p < 0.05), and the null hypothesis (Ho) rejected

Source(s): Authors’ work

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