Table 7

National and regional centers identified in documents regulating urban development in Vietnam in various periods

Prime minister decision no. 10 (1998)Prime minister decision no. 445 (2009)National assembly resolution no. 81 (2023)
National centersHanoi; Ho Chi Minh City; Hai Phong; Da Nang; HueHanoi; Ho Chi Minh City; Hai Phong; Da Nang; HueSpecifically assigned four growth poles in accodance with four newly-defined “dynamic zones”
  • -

    Hanoi for the Northern dynamic zone

  • -

    Ho Chi Minh City for the Southern dynamic zone

  • -

    Da Nang for the Central dynamic zone

  • -

    Can Tho for the Mekong River Delta dynamic zone

Regional centers
  • -

    Northern: Ha Long; Viet Tri; Thai Nguyen; Hoa Binh; Nam Dinh

  • -

    Central: Vinh; Nha Trang; Buon Ma Thuot

  • -

    Southern: Bien Hoa; Vung Tau; Can Tho

  • -

    Northern: Ha long; Viet Tri; Thai Nguyen; Hoa Binh; Nam Dinh

  • -

    Central: Vinh; Nha Trang; Quy Nhon; Buon Ma Thuot

  • -

    Southern: Bien Hoa; Vung Tau; Can Tho

City-regionsNo specific assignmentsSpecifically assigned four city-regions encompassing four major cities
  • -

    Hanoi Metropolitan Area

  • -

    Ho Chi Minh City Metropolitan Area

  • -

    Da Nang Metropolitan Area

  • -

    Can Tho Metropolitan Area

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