Reducing cognitive biases of HQ-centred strategies

Integration of specific local subsidiary expertise

Integration of external, diverse knowledge from local suppliers, institutions, stakeholders

Systematic recombination of different perspectives, knowledge and skills

Leveraging firm- and industry-distant knowledge

Leveraging knowledge heterogeneity through geographical dispersion

Engaging in new practices to Pool and exploit knowledge and resources

Openness as focus on joint interactions and exchange

Aligning and pursuing collective organizational goals, resources and activities

Building trust and shared understanding and aligning collective behavior

Reducing cognitive and emotional distance within MNEs

Increasing organizational commitment

Joint sensemaking in large, globally dispersed organizations