Descriptive statistics
| Valid | Mean | Std. deviation | Minimum | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blockholder ownership | 472 | 0.306 | 0.315 | 0.000 | 0.935 |
| Institutional ownership | 472 | 0.353 | 0.205 | 0.000 | 0.898 |
| Earnings quality | 472 | 1.043 | 66.265 | −1418.654 | 76.601 |
| Firm size | 472 | 21.222 | 1.345 | 16.954 | 24.863 |
| Leverage | 472 | 0.482 | 0.196 | 0.101 | 0.904 |
| Firm age | 472 | 35.356 | 20.019 | 1.849 | 104.000 |
| Financial reporting integrity | 472 | 12.514 | 12.762 | 0.433 | 49.781 |
| Valid | Mean | Std. deviation | Minimum | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blockholder ownership | 472 | 0.306 | 0.315 | 0.000 | 0.935 |
| Institutional ownership | 472 | 0.353 | 0.205 | 0.000 | 0.898 |
| Earnings quality | 472 | 1.043 | 66.265 | −1418.654 | 76.601 |
| Firm size | 472 | 21.222 | 1.345 | 16.954 | 24.863 |
| Leverage | 472 | 0.482 | 0.196 | 0.101 | 0.904 |
| Firm age | 472 | 35.356 | 20.019 | 1.849 | 104.000 |
| Financial reporting integrity | 472 | 12.514 | 12.762 | 0.433 | 49.781 |
Source(s): Table by authors’
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