2SLS analysis
| Coefficients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unstandardized coefficients | Beta | t | Sig | |||
| B | Std. Error | |||||
| Equation (1) | (Constant) | 31.064 | 9.164 | 3.390 | 0.001 | |
| Blockholder ownership | 5.757 | 1.873 | 0.142 | 3.074 | 0.002 | |
| Institutional ownership | 9.693 | 2.823 | 0.156 | 3.434 | 0.001 | |
| Earnings quality | 0.020 | 0.009 | 0.102 | 2.299 | 0.022 | |
| Firm size | −1.346 | 0.445 | −0.142 | −3.028 | 0.003 | |
| Leverage | 6.891 | 3.016 | 0.106 | 2.285 | 0.023 | |
| Firm age | 0.042 | 0.030 | 0.066 | 1.420 | 0.156 | |
| Adj R2 = 0.175 | ||||||
| Coefficients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unstandardized coefficients | Beta | t | Sig | |||
| B | Std. Error | |||||
| (Constant) | 31.064 | 9.164 | 3.390 | 0.001 | ||
| Blockholder ownership | 5.757 | 1.873 | 0.142 | 3.074 | 0.002 | |
| Institutional ownership | 9.693 | 2.823 | 0.156 | 3.434 | 0.001 | |
| Earnings quality | 0.020 | 0.009 | 0.102 | 2.299 | 0.022 | |
| Firm size | −1.346 | 0.445 | −0.142 | −3.028 | 0.003 | |
| Leverage | 6.891 | 3.016 | 0.106 | 2.285 | 0.023 | |
| Firm age | 0.042 | 0.030 | 0.066 | 1.420 | 0.156 | |
| Adj | ||||||
Note(s): *Dependent Variable: Financial Reporting Integrity; measured using the Beneish M-Score
Source(s): Table by authors’
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