Descriptive statistics
Variables | Mean | SD | 25% percentile | Median | 75% percentile | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BoDs meeting | 9.249 | 3.924 | 6.000 | 8.000 | 11.000 | 1.000 | 29.000 |
| AuC meeting | 5.649 | 3.873 | 3.000 | 5.000 | 7.000 | 0.000 | 29.000 |
| RemC meeting | 3.165 | 2.655 | 1.000 | 3.000 | 5.000 | 0.000 | 19.000 |
| AuC adoption | 0.913 | 0.282 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| RemC adoption | 0.908 | 0.290 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| BoDs size (number) | 9.654 | 2.945 | 8.000 | 9.000 | 11.500 | 3.000 | 21.000 |
| BoDs size (logarithm) | 2.219 | 0.319 | 2.079 | 2.197 | 2.441 | 1.099 | 3.045 |
| BoDs independence (number) | 4.383 | 2.261 | 3.000 | 4.000 | 6.000 | 1.000 | 17.000 |
| BoDs independence (percentage) | 0.450 | 0.163 | 0.333 | 0.429 | 0.556 | 0.143 | 0.929 |
| BoDs executive (number) | 2.739 | 1.486 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 4.000 | 1.000 | 11.000 |
| BoDs executive (percentage) | 0.298 | 0.152 | 0.167 | 0.286 | 0.400 | 0.048 | 0.800 |
| CEO age | 56.246 | 8.332 | 50.000 | 55.000 | 62.000 | 36.000 | 78.000 |
| CEO duality | 0.315 | 0.465 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| CEO female | 0.044 | 0.205 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Chair female | 0.086 | 0.281 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| AuC size (number) | 2.884 | 1.105 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 0.000 | 9.000 |
| AuC size (logarithm) | 1.031 | 0.374 | 1.099 | 1.099 | 1.099 | 0.000 | 2.197 |
| RemC size (number) | 2.842 | 1.085 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 0.000 | 8.000 |
| RemC size (logarithm) | 1.021 | 0.368 | 1.099 | 1.099 | 1.099 | 0.000 | 2.079 |
| Firm size (millions of euros) | 6,184 | 22,908 | 164 | 449 | 1,904 | 3 | 171,656 |
| Firm size (logarithm) | 6.466 | 1.940 | 5.100 | 6.108 | 7.552 | 2.842 | 11.955 |
| Leverage | 0.366 | 0.201 | 0.251 | 0.364 | 0.487 | −0.418 | 0.842 |
| Loss t−1 | 0.272 | 0.445 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Sales growth | 0.042 | 0.209 | −0.040 | 0.030 | 0.100 | −0.640 | 1.027 |
| ROA | 0.046 | 0.066 | 0.015 | 0.045 | 0.074 | −0.151 | 0.266 |
| Mean | SD | 25% | Median | 75% | Minimum | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BoDs meeting | 9.249 | 3.924 | 6.000 | 8.000 | 11.000 | 1.000 | 29.000 |
| AuC meeting | 5.649 | 3.873 | 3.000 | 5.000 | 7.000 | 0.000 | 29.000 |
| RemC meeting | 3.165 | 2.655 | 1.000 | 3.000 | 5.000 | 0.000 | 19.000 |
| AuC adoption | 0.913 | 0.282 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| RemC adoption | 0.908 | 0.290 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| BoDs size | 9.654 | 2.945 | 8.000 | 9.000 | 11.500 | 3.000 | 21.000 |
| BoDs size | 2.219 | 0.319 | 2.079 | 2.197 | 2.441 | 1.099 | 3.045 |
| BoDs independence | 4.383 | 2.261 | 3.000 | 4.000 | 6.000 | 1.000 | 17.000 |
| BoDs independence | 0.450 | 0.163 | 0.333 | 0.429 | 0.556 | 0.143 | 0.929 |
| BoDs executive | 2.739 | 1.486 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 4.000 | 1.000 | 11.000 |
| BoDs executive | 0.298 | 0.152 | 0.167 | 0.286 | 0.400 | 0.048 | 0.800 |
| CEO age | 56.246 | 8.332 | 50.000 | 55.000 | 62.000 | 36.000 | 78.000 |
| CEO duality | 0.315 | 0.465 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| CEO female | 0.044 | 0.205 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Chair female | 0.086 | 0.281 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| AuC size | 2.884 | 1.105 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 0.000 | 9.000 |
| AuC size | 1.031 | 0.374 | 1.099 | 1.099 | 1.099 | 0.000 | 2.197 |
| RemC size | 2.842 | 1.085 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 0.000 | 8.000 |
| RemC size | 1.021 | 0.368 | 1.099 | 1.099 | 1.099 | 0.000 | 2.079 |
| Firm size | 6,184 | 22,908 | 164 | 449 | 1,904 | 3 | 171,656 |
| Firm size | 6.466 | 1.940 | 5.100 | 6.108 | 7.552 | 2.842 | 11.955 |
| Leverage | 0.366 | 0.201 | 0.251 | 0.364 | 0.487 | −0.418 | 0.842 |
| Loss | 0.272 | 0.445 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Sales growth | 0.042 | 0.209 | −0.040 | 0.030 | 0.100 | −0.640 | 1.027 |
| ROA | 0.046 | 0.066 | 0.015 | 0.045 | 0.074 | −0.151 | 0.266 |
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