Table 1 A typical international courier... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

A typical international courier service

Phase	Description
Pickup	Parcel and other customs paperwork are collected by a courier from a shipper, then the item is transported to an original depot
Consolidation	The origin depot forwards the international items to the international freight agents/carriers. All the items will be consolidated and moved to the destination countries
International transportation	The international agents/subcontract carriers process and transport the cargo internationally
De-consolidation	The foreign freight forwarders receive and de-consolidate the cargo to a destination depot
Last mile delivery	The local courier delivers the parcel from the destination depot to its receiver

Phase	Description
Pickup	Parcel and other customs paperwork are collected by a courier from a shipper, then the item is transported to an original depot
Consolidation	The origin depot forwards the international items to the international freight agents/carriers. All the items will be consolidated and moved to the destination countries
International transportation	The international agents/subcontract carriers process and transport the cargo internationally
De-consolidation	The foreign freight forwarders receive and de-consolidate the cargo to a destination depot
Last mile delivery	The local courier delivers the parcel from the destination depot to its receiver

Source(s): Wang et al. (2020b)