Table 1.

Study 1: factor analysis of three-dimensional nine-item scale

Factor loadings
Factor 1: Rules and policies
Rule1It is important to follow the university’s rules and policies on academic integrity0.878  
Rules2Everyone is expected to follow the university’s policies on academic integrity0.905  
Rule3The university has strict rules and policies on academic integrity0.751  
Factor 2: Personal morality
Morality1I do not cheat on tests because I believe cheating is unethical 0.787 
Morality 4I try to be ethical when it comes to completing assignments 0.848 
Morality 8I try to follow my own personal moral beliefs in my class work 0.807 
Factor 3: Pressure to perform
Pressure 6 If you do not cheat or plagiarize you are at a disadvantage academically  0.847
Pressure 8I feel pressure to cheat or plagiarize to do well academically  0.851
Peer 8I feel peer pressure to cheat or plagiarize to help my friends do well academically  0.837
Percent variance explained26.0%24.5%26.0%

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Source: Table by authors
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