Table 4 Female cooperative members'...

Table 4

Female cooperative members' household decision-making power, Probit regression-marginal effects

Variables	Health exp.	Education exp.	Food exp.
Coop membership wife (years)	0.0067	0.0087	−0.0026
Coop membership wife (years)	(0.0071)	(0.0069)	(0.0053)
Coop member husband (dummy)	0.112	0.0829	−0.019
Coop member husband (dummy)	(0.0721)	(0.0580)	(0.0505)
Coop member relatives (dummy)	−0.198***	−0.101**	−0.109**
Coop member relatives (dummy)	(0.0553)	(0.0474)	(0.0462)
Husband member in wife's SHG (dummy)	−0.196***	−0.275***	−0.160*
Husband member in wife's SHG (dummy)	(0.0620)	(0.0771)	(0.0820)
Wife SHG member first (dummy)	0.100	0.209***	0.126*
Wife SHG member first (dummy)	(0.0671)	(0.0581)	(0.0719)
Age wife (years)	0.0031	0.0049	0.0002
Age wife (years)	(0.0052)	(0.0047)	(0.0049)
Age husband (years)	0.0030	0.001	0.0052*
Age husband (years)	(0.0043)	(0.0039)	(0.0031)
Education wife (years)	0.0012	0.0147**	0.0028
Education wife (years)	(0.0073)	(0.0063)	(0.0064)
Education husband (years)	−0.0023	−0.0074	0.0003
Education husband (years)	(0.0072)	(0.0059)	(0.0061)
Polygamous household (dummy)	−0.147***	−0.0905**	−0.0983**
Polygamous household (dummy)	(0.0437)	(0.0378)	(0.0427)
Household size	0.0131	0.0188**	0.0055
Household size	(0.0103)	(0.00782)	(0.0036)
No. of children	0.0055	0.0212**	0.0061
No. of children	(0.0131)	(0.0101)	(0.00596)
Land area household (acres)	−0.0069	0.0023	0.0027
Land area household (acres)	(0.0126)	(0.0155)	(0.0130)
Income wife (log)	0.0395**	0.0324***	0.0230
Income wife (log)	(0.0155)	(0.0105)	(0.0146)
Income husband (log)	−0.0216*	−0.0086	−0.0162
Income husband (log)	(0.0111)	(0.0130)	(0.0127)
SHG characteristics	Yes	Yes	Yes
No. of observations	411	411	411

Variables	Health exp.	Education exp.	Food exp.
Coop membership wife (years)	0.0067	0.0087	−0.0026
Coop membership wife (years)	(0.0071)	(0.0069)	(0.0053)
Coop member husband (dummy)	0.112	0.0829	−0.019
Coop member husband (dummy)	(0.0721)	(0.0580)	(0.0505)
Coop member relatives (dummy)	−0.198***	−0.101**	−0.109**
Coop member relatives (dummy)	(0.0553)	(0.0474)	(0.0462)
Husband member in wife's SHG (dummy)	−0.196***	−0.275***	−0.160*
Husband member in wife's SHG (dummy)	(0.0620)	(0.0771)	(0.0820)
Wife SHG member first (dummy)	0.100	0.209***	0.126*
Wife SHG member first (dummy)	(0.0671)	(0.0581)	(0.0719)
Age wife (years)	0.0031	0.0049	0.0002
Age wife (years)	(0.0052)	(0.0047)	(0.0049)
Age husband (years)	0.0030	0.001	0.0052*
Age husband (years)	(0.0043)	(0.0039)	(0.0031)
Education wife (years)	0.0012	0.0147**	0.0028
Education wife (years)	(0.0073)	(0.0063)	(0.0064)
Education husband (years)	−0.0023	−0.0074	0.0003
Education husband (years)	(0.0072)	(0.0059)	(0.0061)
Polygamous household (dummy)	−0.147***	−0.0905**	−0.0983**
Polygamous household (dummy)	(0.0437)	(0.0378)	(0.0427)
Household size	0.0131	0.0188**	0.0055
Household size	(0.0103)	(0.00782)	(0.0036)
No. of children	0.0055	0.0212**	0.0061
No. of children	(0.0131)	(0.0101)	(0.00596)
Land area household (acres)	−0.0069	0.0023	0.0027
Land area household (acres)	(0.0126)	(0.0155)	(0.0130)
Income wife (log)	0.0395**	0.0324***	0.0230
Income wife (log)	(0.0155)	(0.0105)	(0.0146)
Income husband (log)	−0.0216*	−0.0086	−0.0162
Income husband (log)	(0.0111)	(0.0130)	(0.0127)
SHG characteristics	Yes	Yes	Yes
No. of observations	411	411	411

Note(s): Robust standard errors in parentheses clustered at SHG-level. Significance at *p $<$ 0.10, **p $<$ 0.05, ***p $<$ 0.01

SHG characteristics include: membership size, gender composition and SHG's walking distance to the nearest main road

The sample includes only cooperative members. Health, education and food exp. are dummy variables (see Table A2, Supplementary Material)

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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