Model measurement
| Construct | Sources of measure | Alpha | CR | AVE | HTMT | Measurement items |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entrepreneurial leadership (EL) | Renko et al. (2015) | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.52 | 0.72 | The team leader always comes up with radical improvement ideas for the projects/services we are offering |
| The team leader often comes up with ideas of completely new projects/services that we could accept/offer | ||||||
| The team leader takes risks in accepting and completing new projects | ||||||
| The team leader has creative solutions to the projects offered on freelancing platforms | ||||||
| The team leader demonstrates passion for my work | ||||||
| The team leader has a vision of the future of our freelancing business | ||||||
| The team leader challenges and pushes me to act in a more innovative way | ||||||
| The team leader wants me to challenge the current ways we do to complete our projects | ||||||
| Entrepreneurial passion for founding (EPF) | Davidsson et al. (2017) | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.63 | 0.79 | Establishing a new freelancing business excite freelancers |
| Owning own freelancing business energize freelancers | ||||||
| Nurturing a new freelancing business through its emerging success is enjoyable to freelancers | ||||||
| Entrepreneurial bricolage (EB) | Cardon et al. (2013) | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.57 | 0.75 | We are confident of our ability to find workable solutions to new projects which we accept, by using our existing resources |
| We gladly take on a broader range of projects than others with our resources would be able to | ||||||
| We use any existing resource that seems useful to responding to a new problem or new project opportunity | ||||||
| We deal with new projects by applying a combination of our existing resources and other resources inexpensively available to us | ||||||
| When dealing with new problems or new projects opportunities we take action by assuming that we will find a workable solution | ||||||
| By combining our existing resources, we take on a surprising variety of new projects | ||||||
| When we face new challenges in accomplishing new projects we put together workable solutions from our existing resources | ||||||
| We combine resources to accomplish new projects that the resources were not originally intended to accomplish | ||||||
| To deal with new challenges in new projects we acquire resources at low or no cost and combine them with what we already have | ||||||
| Project success (PS) | Aga et al. (2016) | 0.79 | 0.89 | 0.45 | 0.67 | The project was completed on time |
| The project was completed according to the budget allocated | ||||||
| The outcomes of the project are used by its intended end users | ||||||
| The outcomes of the project are likely to be sustained | ||||||
| The outcomes of the project have directly benefited the intended end users, either through increasing efficiency or effectiveness | ||||||
| Given the problem/reason for which it was completed, the project seems to do the best job of solving that problem/reason | ||||||
| I was satisfied with the process by which the project was implemented | ||||||
| Project team members were satisfied with the process by which the project was implemented | ||||||
| The project had no or minimal start-up problems because it was readily accepted by its end users | ||||||
| The project has directly led to improved performance for the end users/target beneficiaries | ||||||
| The project has made a visible positive impact on the target beneficiaries | ||||||
| Project specifications were met by the time of handover to the target beneficiaries | ||||||
| The target beneficiaries were satisfied with the outcomes of the project | ||||||
| Our client was satisfied with the outcomes of the project implementation |
| Construct | Sources of measure | Alpha | CR | AVE | HTMT | Measurement items |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entrepreneurial leadership (EL) | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.52 | 0.72 | The team leader always comes up with radical improvement ideas for the projects/services we are offering | |
| The team leader often comes up with ideas of completely new projects/services that we could accept/offer | ||||||
| The team leader takes risks in accepting and completing new projects | ||||||
| The team leader has creative solutions to the projects offered on freelancing platforms | ||||||
| The team leader demonstrates passion for my work | ||||||
| The team leader has a vision of the future of our freelancing business | ||||||
| The team leader challenges and pushes me to act in a more innovative way | ||||||
| The team leader wants me to challenge the current ways we do to complete our projects | ||||||
| Entrepreneurial passion for founding (EPF) | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.63 | 0.79 | Establishing a new freelancing business excite freelancers | |
| Owning own freelancing business energize freelancers | ||||||
| Nurturing a new freelancing business through its emerging success is enjoyable to freelancers | ||||||
| Entrepreneurial bricolage (EB) | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.57 | 0.75 | We are confident of our ability to find workable solutions to new projects which we accept, by using our existing resources | |
| We gladly take on a broader range of projects than others with our resources would be able to | ||||||
| We use any existing resource that seems useful to responding to a new problem or new project opportunity | ||||||
| We deal with new projects by applying a combination of our existing resources and other resources inexpensively available to us | ||||||
| When dealing with new problems or new projects opportunities we take action by assuming that we will find a workable solution | ||||||
| By combining our existing resources, we take on a surprising variety of new projects | ||||||
| When we face new challenges in accomplishing new projects we put together workable solutions from our existing resources | ||||||
| We combine resources to accomplish new projects that the resources were not originally intended to accomplish | ||||||
| To deal with new challenges in new projects we acquire resources at low or no cost and combine them with what we already have | ||||||
| Project success (PS) | 0.79 | 0.89 | 0.45 | 0.67 | The project was completed on time | |
| The project was completed according to the budget allocated | ||||||
| The outcomes of the project are used by its intended end users | ||||||
| The outcomes of the project are likely to be sustained | ||||||
| The outcomes of the project have directly benefited the intended end users, either through increasing efficiency or effectiveness | ||||||
| Given the problem/reason for which it was completed, the project seems to do the best job of solving that problem/reason | ||||||
| I was satisfied with the process by which the project was implemented | ||||||
| Project team members were satisfied with the process by which the project was implemented | ||||||
| The project had no or minimal start-up problems because it was readily accepted by its end users | ||||||
| The project has directly led to improved performance for the end users/target beneficiaries | ||||||
| The project has made a visible positive impact on the target beneficiaries | ||||||
| Project specifications were met by the time of handover to the target beneficiaries | ||||||
| The target beneficiaries were satisfied with the outcomes of the project | ||||||
| Our client was satisfied with the outcomes of the project implementation |
Source(s): Created by authors
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