Determinants of NTFPs’ commercialisation and forest conservation
| Variable | Indicator | Impact | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic | Age | + | Morsello et al. (2012) |
| – | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016), Adongo et al. (2019) | ||
| NS | Robinson (2016), Krishnakumar et al. (2015), Nguyen et al. (2020) | ||
| Education | + | Robinson (2016), Morsello et al. (2012) | |
| – | Krishnakumar et al. (2015), Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016), Adongo et al. (2019) | ||
| NS | Nguyen et al. (2020) | ||
| Farm income | + | Krishnakumar et al. (2015) | |
| – | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016), Nguyen et al. (2020) | ||
| NS | Chou (2018), Dinda et al. (2020) | ||
| Income from NTFPs | + | Krishnakumar et al. (2015), Adongo et al. (2019), Lowore et al. (2018), Chou (2018) | |
| NS | Dinda et al. (2020) | ||
| Gender | + | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016), Adongo et al. (2019) | |
| NS | Robinson (2016), Meaton et al. (2020), Nguyen et al. (2020) | ||
| Household size | + | Adongo et al. (2019), Nguyen et al. (2020) | |
| NS | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016), Chou (2018) | ||
| Market factors | Price | + | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016), Lowore et al. (2018), Dinda et al. (2020) |
| – | Steele et al. (2015), De Mello et al. (2020), Vallejo et al. (2016), Mon et al. (2023) | ||
| Distance | + | Dinda et al. (2020) | |
| – | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016), Robinson (2016), Chou (2018), Epanda et al. (2020), Nguyen et al. (2020) | ||
| NS | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016) | ||
| Quantity harvested | + | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016) | |
| – | Uprety et al. (2016) | ||
| NS | Krishnakumar et al. (2015) | ||
| Transportation | – | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016), Chew et al. (2023) | |
| NS | Meaton et al. (2020) | ||
| Market information | + | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016) | |
| – | Uprety et al. (2016), Schunko et al. (2019), Sekonya et al. (2020) | ||
| Value addition | + | Chou (2018), Dinda et al. (2020) | |
| – | Morsello et al. (2012), He (2018) | ||
| Certification | + | He et al. (2014) | |
| – | Schunko et al. (2019) | ||
| Ecosystem factors | Seasonality and availability | + | He et al. (2014), Lowore et al. (2018), Dinda et al. (2020) |
| – | Talukdar et al. (2021) | ||
| NS | Datta and Sarkar (2012), Krishnakumar et al. (2015) | ||
| NTFPS diversity | + | Datta and Sarkar (2012), He et al. (2014) | |
| – | Mon et al. (2023) | ||
| Harvesting practices/management | + | He (2018), Epanda et al. (2020) | |
| – | Robinson (2016), Uprety et al. (2016), Sekonya et al. (2020), Zhang et al. (2021) | ||
| NS | Schunko et al. (2019) | ||
| Cultural factors | Land tenure | + | Lowore et al. (2018), Harada and Munthe (2022) |
| – | He et al. (2014), He (2018) | ||
| Gender | – | Meaton et al. (2020) | |
| Traditional Knowledge and uses | + | Morsello et al. (2012), Schunko et al. (2019), Harada and Munthe (2022) | |
| – | Beltrán-Rodríguez et al. (2017) | ||
| Institutional regulations | Regulations on forest access | – | Delgado et al. (2016), Ball and Brancalion (2016), Yadav et al. (2018), Sekonya et al. (2020) |
| NS | Baiyegunhi and Oppong (2016) |
| Variable | Indicator | Impact | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic | Age | + | |
| – | |||
| NS | |||
| Education | + | ||
| – | |||
| NS | |||
| Farm income | + | ||
| – | |||
| NS | |||
| Income from NTFPs | + | ||
| NS | |||
| Gender | + | ||
| NS | |||
| Household size | + | ||
| NS | |||
| Market factors | Price | + | |
| – | |||
| Distance | + | ||
| – | |||
| NS | |||
| Quantity harvested | + | ||
| – | |||
| NS | |||
| Transportation | – | ||
| NS | |||
| Market information | + | ||
| – | |||
| Value addition | + | ||
| – | |||
| Certification | + | ||
| – | |||
| Ecosystem factors | Seasonality and availability | + | |
| – | |||
| NS | |||
| NTFPS diversity | + | ||
| – | |||
| Harvesting practices/management | + | ||
| – | |||
| NS | |||
| Cultural factors | Land tenure | + | |
| – | |||
| Gender | – | ||
| Traditional Knowledge and uses | + | ||
| – | |||
| Institutional regulations | Regulations on forest access | – | |
| NS |
Note(s): NS means not statistically significant; Gender as a socioeconomic factor espouses the likelihood of the male sex or the female sex to participate in NTFPs’ commercialisation and forest conservation. However, gender as a cultural construct relates to the cultural arrangements in terms of resource accessibility, ownership, land tenure arrangements and how culturally defined gender roles (functionality) inhibit and/or facilitate NTFPs’ commercialisation and forest conservation.
Source(s): Authors' own work
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