Table 1 The research variables and...

Table 1

The research variables and constructs

Research construct or item	Description and references	AVE/CR loading
Geographic dispersion	Please estimate how your company’s sales, production capacity and direct purchases were distributed geographically in 2019. (Stock et al., 2000; Lorentz et al., 2012)	0.62/.83
SALES_DISP	Estimates between 0 and 100% in the following geographical areas: Finland, other EU (including the UK, Norway, Switzerland and Iceland), Europe outside EU, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa, Asia, other	0.88
PRO_DISP		0.70
PURC_DISP		0.78
Supply chain responsiveness	Please assess the following strategic priorities for your supply chain for your main product group. (Wagner et al., 2012)	0.32/0.65
SCR1	Improving security of supply	0.55
SCR2	Maintaining a safety stock of work in progress or finished goods	0.57
SCR3	Provisioning of excess production capacity	0.61
SCR4	Rapid response to uncertain demand	0.53
SCR5	More frequent launches of new products	–
Firm resilience	Evaluate your company’s business during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Ambulkar et al., 2015)	0.64/0.88
RESI1	We have been able to maintain performance despite the COVID-19 pandemic	0.74
RESI2	We have been able to easily adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic	0.79
RESI3	We have been able to respond quickly to the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic	0.86
RESI4	We have been able to continuously maintain a good situational awareness	0.81
COVID-19 impact	Please assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on your company's business. (Ambulkar et al., 2015; Baghersad and Zobel, 2021)	0.55/0.79
COVIMP1	Turnover	0.82
COVIMP2	Overall efficiency	0.72
COVIMP3	Order delivery time	–
COVIMP4	Procurement costs	–
COVIMP5	Number of employees	0.68
COVIMP6	Employee well-being	–
Logistics outsourcing	Please estimate what percentage of the following logistics activities of your company are currently handled by an external service provider. (Solakivi et al., 2018)	0.61/0.82
OUTS1	Domestic and international transportation	0.75
OUTS2	Warehousing and inventory management	–
OUTS3	Freight forwarding, order processing, invoicing, logistics IT-systems	0.74
OUTS4	Reverse logistics, value added services	0.85
Firm size (control)	Please choose the turnover of your company (M EUR).
	1 = 0–2; 2 = 2,1–5; 3 = 5,1–10; 4 = 10,1–25; 5 = 25,1–50; 6 = 50,1–100; 7 = 100,1–500; 8 = 500, 1–1,000; 9 = 1,000, 1–5,000; 10 ≥ 5,000
Industry (control)	Please choose the industry of your company.
	The 2-digit level manufacturing industry group based on the Standard Industrial Classification TOL 2008

Research construct or item	Description and references	AVE/CRloading
Geographic dispersion	Please estimate how your company’s sales, production capacity and direct purchases were distributed geographically in 2019. (Stock et al., 2000; Lorentz et al., 2012)	0.62/.83
SALES_DISP	Estimates between 0 and 100% in the following geographical areas: Finland, other EU (including the UK, Norway, Switzerland and Iceland), Europe outside EU, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa, Asia, other	0.88
PRO_DISP		0.70
PURC_DISP		0.78
Supply chain responsiveness	Please assess the following strategic priorities for your supply chain for your main product group. (Wagner et al., 2012)	0.32/0.65
SCR1	Improving security of supply	0.55
SCR2	Maintaining a safety stock of work in progress or finished goods	0.57
SCR3	Provisioning of excess production capacity	0.61
SCR4	Rapid response to uncertain demand	0.53
SCR5	More frequent launches of new products	–
Firm resilience	Evaluate your company’s business during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Ambulkar et al., 2015)	0.64/0.88
RESI1	We have been able to maintain performance despite the COVID-19 pandemic	0.74
RESI2	We have been able to easily adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic	0.79
RESI3	We have been able to respond quickly to the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic	0.86
RESI4	We have been able to continuously maintain a good situational awareness	0.81
COVID-19 impact	Please assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on your company's business.(Ambulkar et al., 2015; Baghersad and Zobel, 2021)	0.55/0.79
COVIMP1	Turnover	0.82
COVIMP2	Overall efficiency	0.72
COVIMP3	Order delivery time	–
COVIMP4	Procurement costs	–
COVIMP5	Number of employees	0.68
COVIMP6	Employee well-being	–
Logistics outsourcing	Please estimate what percentage of the following logistics activities of your company are currently handled by an external service provider. (Solakivi et al., 2018)	0.61/0.82
OUTS1	Domestic and international transportation	0.75
OUTS2	Warehousing and inventory management	–
OUTS3	Freight forwarding, order processing, invoicing, logistics IT-systems	0.74
OUTS4	Reverse logistics, value added services	0.85
Firm size (control)	Please choose the turnover of your company (M EUR).
	1 = 0–2; 2 = 2,1–5; 3 = 5,1–10; 4 = 10,1–25; 5 = 25,1–50; 6 = 50,1–100; 7 = 100,1–500; 8 = 500,1–1,000; 9 = 1,000, 1–5,000; 10 ≥ 5,000
Industry (control)	Please choose the industry of your company.
	The 2-digit level manufacturing industry group based on the Standard Industrial Classification TOL 2008

Source:

Authors’ own work

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