Table 2 Formulation of constructs... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Formulation of constructs

Variable	Formulation	Notes
Competitive action (CA)	$\frac{\sum W i n s_{i}}{\sum B i d s_{i}}$	i = reference node Bids = wins + loses
Centrality (CEN)	${\sum S e l l s_{i} + \sum B u y s}_{i}$	As every node is a reseller, they will have links to buyers and sellers
Structural autonomy (SA)	$\frac{\sum B r i d g e s_{i}}{{\sum S e l l s_{i} + \sum B u y s}_{i}}$	Bridge = link to any two resellers that are not directly connected. A reseller can create a bridge between any two resellers it is connected to. Therefore, if a reseller has k links, it can create up to (k * (k-1)/2) bridges
Structural equivalence (SE)	$\frac{\sum_{j = 1}^{n - 1} \sum_{k = 1}^{m - 2} L i n k_{i, k} \times L i n k_{j, k}}{n - 1}$ $\begin{array}{l} W h e r e \\ i \neq j \neq k \end{array}$	n = total resellers in the network m = total nodes including non-members i = reference node j = paired node. SE is averaged across all paired nodes k = other nodes in the network Link_i,k = 0 if there isn’t a link between i and k, 1 if there is one. Same for Link_j,k
Network density (DEN)	$\frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} L i n k s_{, i x}}{n_{x} \times (n_{x} - 1)}$	n = number of resellers in network x x = network i = nodes Link_i,x = the total number of links that reseller i has to other resellers in the network In this equation, links are counted twice (one for each node involved), which is offset by specifying the denominator to be n(n-1) instead of n(n-1)/2

Variable	Formulation	Notes
Competitive action (CA)	$\frac{\sum W i n s_{i}}{\sum B i d s_{i}}$	i = reference nodeBids = wins + loses
Centrality (CEN)	${\sum S e l l s_{i} + \sum B u y s}_{i}$	As every node is a reseller, they will have links to buyers and sellers
Structural autonomy (SA)	$\frac{\sum B r i d g e s_{i}}{{\sum S e l l s_{i} + \sum B u y s}_{i}}$	Bridge = link to any two resellers that are not directly connected. A reseller can create a bridge between any two resellers it is connected to. Therefore, if a reseller has k links, it can create up to (k * (k-1)/2) bridges
Structural equivalence (SE)	$\frac{\sum_{j = 1}^{n - 1} \sum_{k = 1}^{m - 2} L i n k_{i, k} \times L i n k_{j, k}}{n - 1}$ $\begin{array}{l} W h e r e \\ i \neq j \neq k \end{array}$	n = total resellers in the networkm = total nodes including non-membersi = reference nodej = paired node. SE is averaged across all paired nodesk = other nodes in the networkLink_i,k = 0 if there isn’t a link between i and k, 1 if there is one. Same for Link_j,k
Network density (DEN)	$\frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} L i n k s_{, i x}}{n_{x} \times (n_{x} - 1)}$	n = number of resellers in network xx = networki = nodesLink_i,x = the total number of links that reseller i has to other resellers in the networkIn this equation, links are counted twice (one for each node involved), which is offset by specifying the denominator to be n(n-1) instead of n(n-1)/2

Source(s): Table by authors