A summary of the type of performances and outcomes of the studies in the review
| Author | Type of performances | Outcome of medical leadership |
|---|---|---|
| Amanda H. Goodall (Goodall, 2011) | Hospital quality ranking: i. Patient care ii. Delivery of care iii. Mortality rates | Higher performance |
| Gianluca Veronesi et al. (Veronesi et al., 2013) | Hospital quality ranking: i. Health and well-being ii. Clinical effectiveness iii. Safety and patient focus iv. Ease and equity of access | Higher performance |
| Ge Bai and Ranjani Krishnan (Bai and Krishnan, 2015) | Quality of care | Higher performance |
| Gianluca Veronesi et al. (Veronesi et al., 2015) | Patient experience | Higher performance |
| Michael C. Tasi et al (Tasi et al., 2017) | Hospital quality ranking: i. Patient care ii. Delivery of care iii. Mortality rates | Higher performance |
| Hospital volume | No difference | |
| Financial performance | No difference | |
| Collins Yazenga and Mkandawire (Mkandawire, 2017) | Hospital net income Patient experience ratings Mortality rates | No difference |
| Florian Kaiser et. al. (Kaiser et al., 2020) | Mortality rates Patient satisfaction | Higher performance |
| Financial performance | Lower performance | |
| Youssef fares et. al. (Fares et al., 2018) | Hospital ranking – Web indicator based on visibility, size, rich files and scholar | Lower performance |
| Author | Type of performances | Outcome of medical leadership |
|---|---|---|
| Amanda H. Goodall ( | Hospital quality ranking: | Higher performance |
| Gianluca Veronesi | Hospital quality ranking: | Higher performance |
| Ge Bai and Ranjani Krishnan ( | Quality of care | Higher performance |
| Gianluca Veronesi | Patient experience | Higher performance |
| Michael C. Tasi | Hospital quality ranking: | Higher performance |
| Hospital volume | No difference | |
| Financial performance | No difference | |
| Collins Yazenga and Mkandawire ( | Hospital net income | No difference |
| Florian Kaiser | Mortality rates | Higher performance |
| Financial performance | Lower performance | |
| Youssef fares | Hospital ranking – Web indicator based on visibility, size, rich files and scholar | Lower performance |
Notes:
HI = health-care institution; NHS = National Health Service; MOH = Ministry of Health; UK = United Kingdom; US = United States; TEL = theory of expert leadership; EL = expert leadership; IK = inherent knowledge; IE = industry experience; LC = leadership capabilities; PRISMA = Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; MREC = Medical Research and Ethics Committee; MD = medicine; CEO = chief executive officer; HQA = Hospital Quality Alliance; NHS = National Health Service; LMIC = low- and middle-income countries