Table 1 Framing devices identified in... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Framing devices identified in existing literature

	Frames	References
1	Focus on free choice over structural determinants of the cause • Focus on individual responsibility, lifestyle change and victim blaming, arguing that producers and retailers are not responsible • Portray government intervention a “nanny state-ism” that undermines consumers free will (rhetorical device of phrases)	Moodie et al. (2013), Mialon et al. (2015), Clare et al. (2022), Yau et al. (2021), Wells (2017) Moodie et al. (2013)
2	Stories of decline • Destroying cultural identities and traditional values (rhetorical device)	Sievert et al. (2021)
3	Stories of helplessness and control • Reducing consumption hurts the poor who are already struggling	Sievert et al. (2021)
4	Efforts to shape understanding of evidence • Cherry pick data that favours an argument • Portray evidence as uncertain and lacking consensus • Describe outcomes as complex and not attributable	Mialon et al. (2015) Clare et al. (2022) Clare et al. (2022)
5	Portray industry as well-intentioned and focus on steps they are taking to manage harms • Promote the good intentions and stress the good traits of the industry • Emphasise the food industry’s actions to address public health-related issues	Mialon et al. (2015) Clare et al. (2022) Moodie et al. (2013)
6	Privileging of certain voices and omission of others • Omit voices of certain groups such as citizens • Giving space to politicians and industry groups • Universalising a group’s experience with one individual	Wells and Caraher (2014) Wells (2017) Wells (2017)

	Frames	References
1	Focus on free choice over structural determinants of the cause• Focus on individual responsibility, lifestyle change and victim blaming, arguing that producers and retailers are not responsible • Portray government intervention a “nanny state-ism” that undermines consumers free will (rhetorical device of phrases)	Moodie et al. (2013), Mialon et al. (2015), Clare et al. (2022), Yau et al. (2021), Wells (2017)Moodie et al. (2013)
2	Stories of decline• Destroying cultural identities and traditional values (rhetorical device)	Sievert et al. (2021)
3	Stories of helplessness and control• Reducing consumption hurts the poor who are already struggling	Sievert et al. (2021)
4	Efforts to shape understanding of evidence• Cherry pick data that favours an argument • Portray evidence as uncertain and lacking consensus • Describe outcomes as complex and not attributable	Mialon et al. (2015)Clare et al. (2022)Clare et al. (2022)
5	Portray industry as well-intentioned and focus on steps they are taking to manage harms• Promote the good intentions and stress the good traits of the industry • Emphasise the food industry’s actions to address public health-related issues	Mialon et al. (2015)Clare et al. (2022)Moodie et al. (2013)
6	Privileging of certain voices and omission of others• Omit voices of certain groups such as citizens • Giving space to politicians and industry groups • Universalising a group’s experience with one individual	Wells and Caraher (2014)Wells (2017)Wells (2017)

Note(s): Adapted from literature by authors

Source(s): Authors work