Table 2

Scale items, individual statements and sources

Constructs/IndicatorsStatements to evaluate indicators (5-point likert scale)Sources
Health self-efficacy Lee et al. (2008) 
HSE1I am confident I can have a positive effect on my health 
HSE2I have set some definite goals to improve my health 
HSE3I have been able to meet the goals I set for myself to improve my health 
HSE4I am actively working to improve my health 
HSE5I feel that I am in control of how and what I learn about my health 
Label use Adapted from Rumm et al. (2015) 
LAB1I know the different nutrition labels on food products well 
LAB2I prefer products with nutrition labels to products without nutrition labels when food shopping 
LAB3When food shopping, I consciously pay attention to whether products contain a nutrition label or not 
Social environmentHow often in the last 30 days has your family or friends done the following?Norman et al. (2010) 
SOCE1Encourage you to eat healthy foods 
SOCE2Discuss the benefits of eating healthy foods 
SOCE3Remind you to choose the healthy food option while food shopping 
SOCE4Share ideas on healthy eating 
SOCE5Eat healthy meals with you 
SOCE6Complain about unhealthy foods 
Outcome expectancies Diehl (2002) 
OUTCE1Nutrition research helps us to live longer 
OUTCE2Only if I eat healthy, I am fit and fully efficient 
OUTCE3The right kind of diet is an important prerequisite for a healthy and long life 
OUTCE4True well-being can only be achieved by maintaining a healthy diet 
OUTCE5A healthy diet also makes me feel better mentally 
OUTCE6Many complaints of old age could be avoided if people ate healthier 
OUTCE7A sensible diet has a beneficial effect on every person's health 
OUTCE8It is certain that you live longer if you eat healthy 
Emotions Based on Pfister and Böhm (2008) and Richins (1997) 
EMO1 (information function)When I buy healthy food products, I feel content/discontent 
EMO2 (relevance function)When I buy healthy food products, I feel fulfilled/unfulfilled 
EMO3 (commitment function)When I buy healthy food products, I feel proud/guilty 
EMO4 (speed function)When I buy healthy food products, I feel calm/overwhelmed 

Source(s): Authors’ work

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