Table 2 Differences in resilience... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Differences in resilience framing and recommendations for the future UK food system between the two groups

	Framing of resilience	Recommendations for the future UK food system
AFN actors	“… diverse, mixed farming systems designed according to organic principles” and agroecology (Soil Association, 2020a, p. 9) “Our food supply chains have become highly specialised and efficient. Unfortunately, this makes them less adaptable and resilient to challenging external events.” (DFPNAB, 2020, p. 2) Local food systems address market failures and have “benefits ranging from economic and environmental resilience to cultural diversity and social connection.” (Landworkers Alliance, 2021, p. 4)	Framing recommendations as a “ten-year transition to agroecology” through increasing organic, farmer-led innovation, reducing ultra-processed food, improving education, increasing UK horticulture and soil carbon (Soil Association, 2020a) Aimed at local and national governments (Sustain & RSPB, 2021b) Targets for increasing local food production and distribution Areas for support include: funding, short supply chains and SMEs (Soil Association, 2020a), community wealth building, create local infrastructure (incl. small scale abattoirs), increase local partnerships (FFCC, 2021; Landworkers Alliance, 2021; Sustain & RSPB, 2021b), planning policy and local business rates for independent food retailers (Landworkers Alliance, 2021), PP via DPS etc. (DFPNAB, 2020; Landworkers Alliance, 2021; Soil Association, 2020c)
Other actors	“Overreliance on one geographical area and dependence on particular supply sources makes food supply more vulnerable, while diversity of sources makes it more resilient.” (DEFRA, 2021, p. 83) “The Secretary of State told us that ‘our lesson from this [pandemic] is that our food supply chain is remarkably resilient’ He stated that ‘generally speaking, we are more confident than ever that we need not worry too much about the end of the transition period’.” (EFRA, 2020, p. 44)	Technology to improve JIT system (House of Lords, 2020; POST, 2020) Farmer support through training, land access, improving “market failures” (DEFRA, 2020) Increase PP through DPS (EFRA, 2021b; National Farmers Union, 2021a, b) Strengthen incentives and regulations on diet (FSA and Ipsos MORI, 2021; House of Lords, 2020) Recognises the potential of agroecology (Dimbleby, 2021) More investment in agricultural technology to create greater productivity, tackle climate change and reduce water and chemical use (National Farmers Union, 2021a)

	Framing of resilience	Recommendations for the future UK food system
AFN actors	“… diverse, mixed farming systems designed according to organic principles” and agroecology (Soil Association, 2020a, p. 9) “Our food supply chains have become highly specialised and efficient. Unfortunately, this makes them less adaptable and resilient to challenging external events.” (DFPNAB, 2020, p. 2) Local food systems address market failures and have “benefits ranging from economic and environmental resilience to cultural diversity and social connection.” (Landworkers Alliance, 2021, p. 4)	Framing recommendations as a “ten-year transition to agroecology” through increasing organic, farmer-led innovation, reducing ultra-processed food, improving education, increasing UK horticulture and soil carbon (Soil Association, 2020a) Aimed at local and national governments (Sustain & RSPB, 2021b) Targets for increasing local food production and distribution Areas for support include: funding, short supply chains and SMEs (Soil Association, 2020a), community wealth building, create local infrastructure (incl. small scale abattoirs), increase local partnerships (FFCC, 2021; Landworkers Alliance, 2021; Sustain & RSPB, 2021b), planning policy and local business rates for independent food retailers (Landworkers Alliance, 2021), PP via DPS etc. (DFPNAB, 2020; Landworkers Alliance, 2021; Soil Association, 2020c)
Other actors	“Overreliance on one geographical area and dependence on particular supply sources makes food supply more vulnerable, while diversity of sources makes it more resilient.” (DEFRA, 2021, p. 83) “The Secretary of State told us that ‘our lesson from this [pandemic] is that our food supply chain is remarkably resilient’ He stated that ‘generally speaking, we are more confident than ever that we need not worry too much about the end of the transition period’.” (EFRA, 2020, p. 44)	Technology to improve JIT system (House of Lords, 2020; POST, 2020) Farmer support through training, land access, improving “market failures” (DEFRA, 2020) Increase PP through DPS (EFRA, 2021b; National Farmers Union, 2021a, b) Strengthen incentives and regulations on diet (FSA and Ipsos MORI, 2021; House of Lords, 2020) Recognises the potential of agroecology (Dimbleby, 2021) More investment in agricultural technology to create greater productivity, tackle climate change and reduce water and chemical use (National Farmers Union, 2021a)