Table 1

Study 2 construct reliability and convergent validity

Construct and their itemsFactor loadingCronbach's alpha (α)CRAVE
Intellectual intelligence 0.9370.96189.105
1. I perceive that the humanoid social robot is responsible0.948   
2. I perceive that the humanoid social robot is intelligent0.941   
3. I perceive that the humanoid social robot is logical0.943   
Perceived competence 0.9870.99196.430
1. The humanoid social robot is competent and effective in providing service0.980   
2. The humanoid social robot performs its role of store sales staff very well0.983   
3. Overall, the humanoid social robot is a capable and proficient store sales staff0.989   
4. In general, the humanoid social robot is very knowledgeable about selling camping equipment0.975   
Identity threat 0.8930.93482.474
1. Recent advances in humanoid robot technology are challenging the very essence of what it means to be human0.852   
2. Technological advancements in the area of humanoid robotics are threatening to human uniqueness0.940   
3. Humanoid social robots pose a threat to human identity and distinctiveness0.930   
Anthropomorphism 0.8760.92780.927
1. The humanoid social robot looks like a human0.902   
2. The humanoid social robot resembles the human body in shape0.863   
3. The humanoid social robot has a human-like appearance0.933   

Note(s): CR = composite reliability; AVE = average variance extracted

Source(s): Table created by author

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