Table 3

Defining Q4.0 – quotes from the interviewees

“Improving our operations and efficiencies and quality of products by utilizing the latest technologies like the Internet of Things and … Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. How we are planning and applying these advanced technologies to improve the quality of our products.” P1
“Q4.0, for me, is a quality management program that consists of different tools aimed at professionals in the quality spectrum to help influence and enable the professionals. It aims at transforming the entire organization towards the digital age now that digitization has come in; it is the difference between Q4.0 and the usual quality management.” P5
“Q4.0 is the opposite of how companies do things originally with quality ….up until now, things were still being captured on spreadsheets and emails, and we have very less automation of quality data and tasks.” P7
“Q4.0 is an enabler for future changes and will ensure more sustainability and circular economy in companies!” P9
“Q4.0 is a subset of I4.0, using smart technologies for quality tasks and reaching Operational Excellence.” P10
“Q4.0 and calling it Q4.0 is just a lot of people making much money on it. Regardless of Q4.0 - successful digitization projects will improve quality.” P4
“It is a heterogeneous concept. It is separated into Quality and the 4.0 part.” P13
“It is a means of quality more focus on organizational excellence and how you focus on quality improvement.” P14

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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