Patterns of external debt
| Country | Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) | Net inflows of FDI (% of GDP) | Net inflows of FDI (billion USD) | Short-term debt (% of total external debt) | External debt – public sector (billion USD) | External debt – total (billion USD) | Bonds issued by private sector (billion USD) | Bonds issued by public sector (billion USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | ||||||||
| Afghanistan | 6.8 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.0 | – | – |
| Bangladesh | 32.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 6.4 | 19.4 | 21.5 | – | – |
| Bhutan | 24.0 | 6.3 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | – | – |
| India | 45.6 | 2.1 | 25.2 | 17.7 | 69.9 | 204.1 | 7.4 | 2.1 |
| Nepal | 37.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | – | – |
| Maldives | 54.6 | 7.1 | 0.1 | 16.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | – | – |
| Pakistan | 27.8 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 37.2 | 42.3 | – | 0.8 |
| Sri Lanka | 34.2 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 9.4 | 11.8 | 14.2 | – | 0.5 |
| South Asia | 42.5 | 2.2 | 32.5 | 14.3 | 145.0 | 289.3 | 7.4 | 3.3 |
| Middle-Income Economies | 60.5 | 3.7 | 520 | 22.4 | 1246.5 | 3085.8 | 44.9 | 25.4 |
| World | 128.1 | 5.3 | 3133.8 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2018 | ||||||||
| Afghanistan | 9.4 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 16.2 | 1.9 | 2.7 | – | – |
| Bangladesh | 34.0 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 15.8 | 41.3 | 57.1 | – | 0.2 |
| Bhutan | 30.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 2.6 | – | – |
| India | 49.6 | 1.6 | 42.1 | 19.9 | 180.4 | 521.0 | −0.3 | −8.2 |
| Nepal | 51.7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.5 | – | – |
| Maldives | 57.7 | 10.9 | 0.6 | 10.2 | 2.0 | 2.3 | – | 0.1 |
| Pakistan | 28.7 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 8.2 | 73.0 | 99.2 | – | 0.0 |
| Sri Lanka | 29.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 15.5 | 34.4 | 52.9 | −0.1 | 1.3 |
| South Asia | 45.5 | 1.4 | 48.7 | 17.5 | 340.4 | 743.3 | −0.4 | −6.7 |
| Middle-Income Economies | 101.8 | 1.93 | 593.0 | 27.4 | 2818.1 | 7652.3 | 35.6 | 161.9 |
| World | 120.1 | 1.09 | 927.1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2021 | ||||||||
| Afghanistan | 3.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 11.9 | 1.9 | 3.5 | – | – |
| Bangladesh | 39.2 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 19.8 | 62.4 | 91.4 | – | −0.1 |
| Bhutan | 71.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 3.1 | – | – |
| India | 54.7 | 1.4 | 44.7 | 18.7 | 205.1 | 612.9 | 3.4 | 3.8 |
| Nepal | 88.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 7.8 | 8.9 | – | – |
| Maldives | 52.9 | 8.2 | 0.4 | 14.3 | 3.1 | 3.8 | – | 0.5 |
| Pakistan | 15.0 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 6.9 | 94.7 | 130.4 | – | 3.0 |
| Sri Lanka | – | 0.7 | 0.6 | 15.2 | 36.5 | 56.6 | – | −1.0 |
| South Asia | 49.5 | 1.2 | 49.5 | 16.7 | 414.5 | 910.6 | 3.4 | 6.3 |
| Middle-Income Economies | 120.3 | 2.1 | 737.1 | 25.6 | 3346.0 | 9045.7 | 35.4 | 105.3 |
| World | 147.2 | 2.3 | 2199.1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Country | Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) | Net inflows of FDI (% of GDP) | Net inflows of FDI (billion USD) | Short-term debt (% of total external debt) | External debt – public sector (billion USD) | External debt – total (billion USD) | Bonds issued by private sector (billion USD) | Bonds issued by public sector (billion USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 6.8 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.0 | – | – |
| Bangladesh | 32.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 6.4 | 19.4 | 21.5 | – | – |
| Bhutan | 24.0 | 6.3 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | – | – |
| India | 45.6 | 2.1 | 25.2 | 17.7 | 69.9 | 204.1 | 7.4 | 2.1 |
| Nepal | 37.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | – | – |
| Maldives | 54.6 | 7.1 | 0.1 | 16.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | – | – |
| Pakistan | 27.8 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 37.2 | 42.3 | – | 0.8 |
| Sri Lanka | 34.2 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 9.4 | 11.8 | 14.2 | – | 0.5 |
| South Asia | 42.5 | 2.2 | 32.5 | 14.3 | 145.0 | 289.3 | 7.4 | 3.3 |
| Middle-Income Economies | 60.5 | 3.7 | 520 | 22.4 | 1246.5 | 3085.8 | 44.9 | 25.4 |
| World | 128.1 | 5.3 | 3133.8 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Afghanistan | 9.4 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 16.2 | 1.9 | 2.7 | – | – |
| Bangladesh | 34.0 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 15.8 | 41.3 | 57.1 | – | 0.2 |
| Bhutan | 30.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 2.6 | – | – |
| India | 49.6 | 1.6 | 42.1 | 19.9 | 180.4 | 521.0 | −0.3 | −8.2 |
| Nepal | 51.7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.5 | – | – |
| Maldives | 57.7 | 10.9 | 0.6 | 10.2 | 2.0 | 2.3 | – | 0.1 |
| Pakistan | 28.7 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 8.2 | 73.0 | 99.2 | – | 0.0 |
| Sri Lanka | 29.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 15.5 | 34.4 | 52.9 | −0.1 | 1.3 |
| South Asia | 45.5 | 1.4 | 48.7 | 17.5 | 340.4 | 743.3 | −0.4 | −6.7 |
| Middle-Income Economies | 101.8 | 1.93 | 593.0 | 27.4 | 2818.1 | 7652.3 | 35.6 | 161.9 |
| World | 120.1 | 1.09 | 927.1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Afghanistan | 3.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 11.9 | 1.9 | 3.5 | – | – |
| Bangladesh | 39.2 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 19.8 | 62.4 | 91.4 | – | −0.1 |
| Bhutan | 71.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 3.1 | – | – |
| India | 54.7 | 1.4 | 44.7 | 18.7 | 205.1 | 612.9 | 3.4 | 3.8 |
| Nepal | 88.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 7.8 | 8.9 | – | – |
| Maldives | 52.9 | 8.2 | 0.4 | 14.3 | 3.1 | 3.8 | – | 0.5 |
| Pakistan | 15.0 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 6.9 | 94.7 | 130.4 | – | 3.0 |
| Sri Lanka | – | 0.7 | 0.6 | 15.2 | 36.5 | 56.6 | – | −1.0 |
| South Asia | 49.5 | 1.2 | 49.5 | 16.7 | 414.5 | 910.6 | 3.4 | 6.3 |
| Middle-Income Economies | 120.3 | 2.1 | 737.1 | 25.6 | 3346.0 | 9045.7 | 35.4 | 105.3 |
| World | 147.2 | 2.3 | 2199.1 | – | – | – | – | – |
Source(s): World Bank (2022)
Author’s depiction
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